欢迎来到天天文库
浏览记录
ID:9225416
大小:1.26 MB
页数:78页
时间:2018-04-23
《美国法律文献与信息检索导论课件》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、美国法律文献与信息检索LEGALRESEARCHINAMERICANLAW王昶WANGCHANG,ESQ.2014INTRODUCTIONFUNDAMENTALSOFAMERICANLAWFORMSOFLEGALINFORMATIONWHATISLEGALRESEARCH?WEST’SANALYSISANDPUBLICATIONSOFAMERICANLAWCommonLawvs.CivilLawCommonlaw:allowsjudgestobuildonpastcasessothatthelawisnotonlyboundbyearlierprecedents(staredeci
2、sis),butalsoalwaysevolving.Civillaw:basedonRomanlawasenactedintocodes.Judgesrefertocodifiedrulesfromthecodestodecidecaseswhoseholdingsarenotbindinginlaterdisputeswithdifferentparties.Globalization:commonlawcountriesarecreatingmorecodesandcivillawsystemsarebecomingmoredeferentialtoearlierdecisi
3、ons.UNITEDSTATESV.CHINAUSPRCLongtraditionNewCommonLawCivilLawSeparationofPowers;CheckOnePartyRuleasaandbalancesConstitutionalGuaranteeIndependentJudiciary;IndependentJudiciarynotJudicialReviewdesired;NojudicialreviewFederalism“DemocraticCentralism”TheRuleofLawTheRulebyLawAccesstoInformation:ar
4、ightAccesstoInformation:aprivilege4SeparationofPowersSeparationofpowersreferstothedivisionofgovernmentintoLegislative,Executive,andJudicialBranchesundertheU.S.Constitutionandotherstateconstitutions.•TheLegislativeBranchhasabicameral(two-branch)Congress,whichconsistsoftheHouseofRepresentativesa
5、ndtheSenate.Bothrepresentativesandsenatorsareelectedbythepeople.•TheExecutiveBranchisledbythePresidentoftheUnitedStates.•TheJudicialBranchisheadedbytheU.S.SupremeCourt.SeparationofPowersChecksandBalancesBesidesprovidingfortheorganizationofgovernmentbranches,theU.S.Constitutioncarefullyoutlines
6、whichpowerseachbranchmayexercisetopreventanabuseofpower.Thisarrangementofgovernmentalpowersisreferredtoas“checksandbalances,”wherebypowersofonegovernmentbranchcheckorbalancethosepowersofotherbranches.Nobranchofgovernmentisstrongerthananother.Asanexample,Congressprovideslawsandfundsforallbranch
7、esofgovernment.TheExecutiveBranchadministersthelaws.TheJudicialBranchmakessurethattheLegislativeandExecutiveBranchesareactingconstitutionally.TheExecutiveBranchselectsthemembersofthefederaljudiciary,andtheSenateconfirmsthem.JudicialRevi
此文档下载收益归作者所有