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时间状语从句一、引入环节（歌曲欣赏）YouRaiseMeUpWhenIamdownandallmysoulsowearyAndtroublescomeandmyheartburdenedbeThenIamstillandwaitinghereinthesilenceUntilyoucomeandsitawhilewithmeYouraisemeupsoIcanstandonmountainsYouraisemeuptowalkonstormyseasIamstrongwhenIamonyourshouldersYouraisemeuptomorethanIcanbe歌词分析：二、知识讲解WhatisanAdverbial？英语句子的基本成分：11 具体成分分析：主语：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和从句等表示。例句：WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.Doessmokingdoharmtothehealth?谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例句：HepracticesspeakingEnglisheverymorning.Theplanetookoffatfivethirty.11 复合谓语：由情态动词加动词原形构成。例句：Youcankeepthebookfortwomonths.由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。例句：Theyarehelpingwiththecleanup.Hehasseenthismovietwice.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。表语：用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及从句表示。例句：MynameisLilia.Thedaysaregettingshorterandshorter.Thestoryisveryinteresting.宾语：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。与主语一样，通常宾语都具备名词性。例句：Heisdoinghishomework.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例句：11 Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Mymotheraskedmetocleanmyroom.定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。例句：ThearticleabouthowtolearnEnglishhelpsusalot.Theladyinredismymother.状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。例句：Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.Waitaminute.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.状语种类：1.Inordertocatchupwiththetrain,weneedtorun.(目的状语)2.LastnightIdidn’tgotothemoviesbecauseoftherain.(原因状语)3.Weshallgoboatingifitdoesn’train.(条件状语)4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语)5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语)6.Shecameinwithflowersinherhand.(伴随状语)7.Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语)8.Hewassotiredthathecouldn’twalkevenonemorestep.(结果状语)9.Shegotlostthoughshehadacompass.(让步状语)11 10.Igetupatsix.(时间状语)状语从句定义：用一个句子充当状语成分，那个句子就是状语从句。基本结构：状语从句的三个必须——必须是句子；必须是陈述句；必须有连接词小测试：1.(04北京春)Wewereswimminginthelake______suddenlythestormstarted.A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before2.(02上海)Hewasabouttotellmethesecret______someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when3.(05上海)Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden______itwasthebesttimeforit.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.until4.(05福建)－DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?－Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto’clock____hearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.thatD.until11 5.(06辽宁)Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal______afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.whyB.whereC.whenD.while连接词when的用法小结1.when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的。例句：Whenthefilmended,theywentback.WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.2.when常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时”。例句：wasdoingsomething…whenwasabouttodo…whenwasonthepointofdoingsth...when…3.when可以表“既然”。例句：HowcanIhelpthemtounderstandwhentheywon’tlistentome?小测试:1.(06天津)ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,______thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.while2.(04年江苏)______Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless3.________itistruethatastudent’smostimportantgoalistodowellinhisorherstudies,itdoesn’tneedtobetheonlygoal.A.WhenB.AsC.WhileDBefore4.Marymadecoffeeherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.(全国)A.sothatB.althoughC.whileD.asif连接词while的用法小结11 1.while可用来引导时间状语，意为“当……的时候”；引导的动作必须是持续性的。例句：Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。例句：JanewasdressedinbrownwhileMarywasdressedinblue.3.while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然”；可表示尽管，相当于although。例句：WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethattheycan’tbesolved.4.趁…的情况赶紧做,否则来不及了。例句：Strikewhiletheironishot.连接词as的用法小结1.as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边…一边”；随着。Shesangasshewalkedhomealltheway.(一边…一边）Asshegrewolder,shebecamemorebeautiful.（随着）2.as也可用来引导原因状语从句意为“因为”。Assheisfreetoday,shewouldliketodosomeshopping.（因为）3.as还可用来引导让步状语从句（通常用倒装结构）意为“尽管”。Tiredashewas,herefusedtotakearest.（尽管）Childasheis,heknowsalot.连接词when,while,as的用法区别when,while,as这三个连词都可表示“当……的时候”，使用时应注意：1.when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。例句：Whenhecamein,wewerehavingsupper.Whenwewerehavingsupper,thelightsuddenlywentout.2.while11 则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。例句：When/Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.WhilehewaswatchingTV,theboyfellasleep.3.as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行;也可表示“随着……”。例句：Shesangasshewalkedalong.Astheelectionapproached,theviolence（暴行）gotworse.小测试：1.(03北京春)－Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?－Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim______hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when2.(03上海)Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdlisteners’curiosity______hereachestheendofthestory.A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until3.Itwasnot______shetookoffherdarkglasses______Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;thentill,until和not…until1.until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动作，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。例句：Wewaiteduntil/tillhecame.2．用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。例句：Hewon’tgotobeduntilherfatherreturns.3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。例句：11 UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4．not…until句型中的强调和倒装说法，例句：ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.小测试：1.(03年北京)Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation______itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as2.(04福建)Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears______itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when3.(06四川)－Whydidn’tyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?－Herushedoutoftheroom____Icouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after连接词before的小结1.Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.“……才”2.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.“不到……就”3.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.“趁……”4.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.“还没来得及”5.其他1）Itwillbe/＋段时间＋before…“还要过多久才……”。Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.11 2）Itwas+时间段+before从句（动作已发生）。Itwasthreeweeksbeforehecameback.3）Itwillnotbelongbefore…“不多久就会……”。Itwon’tbelongbeforeshecomesback.4）Itwasnotlongbefore…“不多久就……了”。Itwasn’tlongbeforeheleftthecountry.小测试：1.(01北京春)－DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?－Yes.Igaveittoher______Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.although2.(1998上海)Ithoughtherniceandhonest______Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime3.______enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.HehardlyhadB.HadhehardlyC.HardlyhadheD.Hardlyhehad拓展部分：1．一些词，如themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等也可引导时间状语从句，相当于assoonas的意思。例句：Icameimmediatelyyoucalledmeup.2．一些含有time的名词短语，如thefirst/second/lasttime,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime等，也可引导时间状语从句。例句：ThefirsttimeIdrovethecar,Ifeltverynervous.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.11 3.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须倒装。例句：Hardly/scarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.状语从句的时态问题：在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。在since引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。例句：Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelefthere.小测试：1、Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoone______somequickrepairwork.A.hasdoneB.isdoingC.doesD.haddone2、Ithasbeenalmostfiveyears_______wesaweachotherlasttime.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when歌曲欣赏YouRaiseMeUpWhenIamdownandallmysoulsowearyAndtroublescomeandmyheartburdenedbeThenIamstillandwaitinghereinthesilenceUntilyoucomeandsitawhilewithmeYouraisemeupsoIcanstandonmountainsYouraisemeuptowalkonstormyseasIamstrongwhenIamonyourshouldersYouraisemeuptomorethanIcanbe11
