产业集群，焦点企业，以及经济活力【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：IndustrialClusters,FocalFirmsandEconomicDynamism:APerspectivefromItaly出处：2001TheInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank1818HStreet,N.W.Washington,D.C.20433,U.S.A.作者：CristinaBoari原文：CristinaBoariUniversityofBologna,I

2、talyThispaperinvestigatesthefactorssupportingthedynamismofItaliansmallandmediumenterprises(SMEs).Theseenterpriseshaveproventobehighlycompetitiveandthereforeitisinterestingtoexaminewhy.Italy’snortheastandcentralregionshousealargenumberofindustrialagglom

3、erationsofsmallfirms.FromtheseclustershaveemergedseveralofItaly’sbestknownexportsincludingluxuryapparel,tiles,furniture,andpackagingmachinery.Inanalyzingthedeterminantsofthissuccess,clusteringoffirmsandproximityeffectscannotbedisregarded.Theorganizatio

4、nalstructureofindustrialclustersismainlybasedonsubcontractingrelationshipswithinverticallydisintegratedproductionchains.Althoughverticallyintegratedfirmsarenotunusual,interfirmrelationships,ofvaryingdegrees,areawidespreadfeatureofmostsuccessfulItaliani

5、ndustries.Thenatureofinterfirmrelationshipsandtheirevolutionareanotherimportantfactorsupportingthedynamismofsmall&mediumenterprises(SMEs).Ourpaperwillmainlyconcentrateonthesetwofactors—industrialagglomerationandinterfirmrelationships—withinaperspective

6、thatconsidersboththedistrictandindividualfirms.Long-termobservationofindustrialdistrictsmakesitclearthatsomeorganizationsgreatlyinfluencedanddirectedthecreationandevolutionofbothclustersandsubcontractingrelationships.ItalianSMEs’dynamismisstronglyindeb

7、tedtoalimitednumberofcompaniesthatwereabletoidentifymarketsandproductsandtoorchestrateandmanagealargeanddifferentiatedsetofrelationshipswithfirmsandinstitutionswithinandoutsidedistricts.Theroleoftheseleadingfirmsandthewaytheydesignedandmanagedinterrela

8、tionshipswithotherfirmshasbeenlargelydisregardedbytheinternationalliteratureonindustrialdistrictsandSMEsinItaly.Ontheotherhand,thesameliteraturehasemphasizedtheroleofthepoliticaleconomyandoflocalandnationalinstitutions.Withoutdenyingthe