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1、confuciusConfucius(bornKongQiu,styledZhongNi)wasborninthevillageofZouinthecountryofLuin551B.C.,apoordescendantofadeposednoblefamily.descendant=son,grandson,great-grandsonetc.deposed=sb.beforcedtogiveuphispoliticalposition←AsConfuciuswasugly,hisfatherlefthiminthiscavewhenhewasborn.Confucius’
2、LifeAsachild,heheldmake-believetemplerituals;asayoungadult,hequicklyearneda_____forfairness,politenessandloveoflearning,andhewasreputedtobequitetall.Hetraveledextensivelyandstudiedattheimperialcapital,Zhou,whereheissaidtohavemetandspokewithLaoZi,thefounderofDaoism.make-believe=pretendritual
3、n.=ceremonyimperialadj.=royalextensively=wideA.reputation(common)B.renown(thestrongesttone)×UponhisreturntoLu,hegainedrenownasateacher,butwhenhewas35,DukeZhaoofLuledhiscountrytowar,frequentlycomingtohimforadvice.WhenothernoblesbeganplottingagainstConfucius'position,DukeZhaorefusedtointerven
4、e,andConfuciusreturnedtoLu.Butconditionstherewerenobetterthanbefore,andConfuciusretiredfrompubliclifetoconcentrateonteachingandstudying.Plotvi.=discusssecretlyIntervene=stopthisactAtage50,hewasapproachedbytheBaronofQitohelpdefendagainstarebellion,buthedeclined.HewaslaterpromotedbynewDukeofL
5、useveraltimes,eventuallybecomingChiefMinisterofLu.Rebellion=violentactionbysomepeoplewhotrytochangeacountry’spoliticalsystem.promote=sb.begivenabetterjobandhigherposition.Guessthemeaningofdecline.ConfuciusspentthenextfiveyearswanderingChinawithhisdisciples,findingthathispresenceatroyalcourt
6、swasrarelytoleratedforlongbeforenobleswouldbeginplottingtodrivehimoutorhavehimkilled.Disciple=student/believerAfterfurtherwanderings,heeventuallyreturnedtoLuatage67.Althoughhewaswelcomedthereandchosetoremain,hewasnotofferedpublicofficeagain,nordidheseekit.Insteadhespenttherestofhisyearsteac
7、hingand,finally,writing.Hediedat72.Confucius’ThoughtsHumanenessEtiquetteWisdomfilialpietyLoyaltyTrustJusticeFromTheAnalects(论语),wefindConfucius’centralbeliefisthatofthevirtueofren.Renisrenderedashumaneness.ThesimplestexplanationConfuciusgavetohisdisciple
