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1、大学英语跨文化复习资料第一章：文化(1)Culture(frominterculturalcommunicationperspective):isthedepositofknowledge,experience,belief,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religion,notionsoftime,roles,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividu
2、alandgroupstriving.（从跨文化交际学角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信仰、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、宗教、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观和艺术品的集合。）(2)CultureIdentity:referstoone’ssenseofbelongingtoaparticularcultureorethnicgroup.（文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。）(3)Subculture:referstoaculturethatexistswithindominantculture,andisoftenbasedoneco
3、nomicorsocialclass,ethnicity,race,orgeographicregion.（亚文化：指存在于主流文化中的文化，其划分通常基于经济地位、社会阶层、民族、种族或地理区域。）(4)Co-culture:referstogroupsorsocialcommunitiesexhibitingcommunicationcharacteristics,perceptions,values,beliefs,andpracticesthataresignificantlydifferentenoughtodistinguishthemfromtheothergrou
4、ps,communities,andthedominantculture.（共文化：指具有独特的交际特征、感知特点、价值观、信仰和行为，区别于其他群体、社团以及主流文化的群体或社团。）(与其他民族群体有差异性，但是有共同性)(5)Subgroup:usuallydoesnotinvolvethesamelargenumberofpeopleandisnotnecessarilythoughtofasaccumulatingvaluesandpatternsofbehaviorovergenerationsinthesamewayasculturesdo.（亚群体：相对于亚文化和共
5、文化群体，亚群体通常规模不大，也不一定有文化群体世代相传积累的价值观念和行为模式。）CaseAnalysis１Case2:P11WhiteDressCaseanalysis:TheIndianwomenmightthinktheweddingceremonyisafuneraliftheyseethewesternbrideinwhitegown.Thecasereflectsthesimilesandmetaphorsinthetext.Cultureislikeaniceberg:wecanidentifythecolorofthedresswornbywomenindiff
6、erentcultures,butwedonotknowthevaluesunderneath.Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin:peopleweardressofdifferentcolorsfordifferentcontextbuttheyusuallytakeitforgrantedandneveraskwhy.Case4:P21Coconut-skatingCaseanalysis:Thecasereflectsthecharacteristicsofculture.Wecantellfromthecasethatcultureispe
7、rvasiveandit’slearned.Peoplemayinventdifferentwaysforthingsevenassimpleastheissueoffloormoping.ThePhilippinewomanmusthavelearnedthiswayofmoppingfromherownculture.Case6P30HippiesCaseanalysis:Hippiescouldbedefinedasasubgroup,asthehippiesculture
