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1、兰凤利上海中医药大学中医古典文献中“阴阳”的源流与翻译8/21/20211中医学中“阴阳”的源流中医学继承、发挥了《周易》的阴阳思想,中医古典文献中的“阴阳”主要是指哲学意义上的“阴阳”,而在具体的语言环境中,又有具体的医学所指,如指男女、性生活、阴经阳经、阴邪阳邪、阴气阳气等等。而其含义的确定是高度依赖于语境的。2.中医古典文献中“阴阳”的翻译2.1“阴阳”哲学概念的英译“阴阳”的翻译:YinandYang[themaleandfemaleelementsinnature];Yang,theel
2、ementoflight;Yin,theelementofdarkness;YinandYang,thenegativeandpositiveprinciplesinnature;Theelementoflight;theelementofdarkness;Yang,thelucidelementoflife;Yin,theturbidelementofdarkness;Yang,themaleelement;Yin,thefemaleelement;YinandYang[thetwoelementsinnature];
3、Yang,thelucidelement;Yin,theturbidelement;YinandYang[thetwoopposingprinciples];Yang(themaleprincipleoflightandlife);Yin(thefemaleprincipleofdarknessanddeath);——Veith:97-253,1949朗文当代高级英语辞典yin,thefemaleprincipleinChinesePHILOSOPHYwhichisinactive,dark,negati
4、ve,etc.andwhichcombineswithYANG(=themaleprinciple)toformthewholeworld”;“yang,themaleprincipleinChinesePHILOSOPHYwhichisactive,light,POSITIVE,etc.andwhichcombineswithYIN(=thefemaleprinciple)toformthewholeworld.——LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish:1789,1787韦氏
5、百科全本英语词典YinandYang(inChinesephilosophyandreligion)twoprinciples,onenegative,darkandfeminine(Yin),andonepositive,bright,andmasculine(Yang),whoseinteractioninfluencesthedestiniesofcreaturesandthings.——Webster’sEncyclopedicUnabridgedDictionaryoftheEnglishLang
6、uage:1656接纳外来词yin和yang“阴阳者,天地之道也,万物之纲纪,变化之父母,生杀之本始,神明之府也”。Yinandyang,theyaretheWayofheavenandearth,thefundamentalprinciples[governing]themyriadbeings,fatherandmothertoallchangesandtransformations,thebasisandbeginningofgeneratingandkilling,thepalaceofspiritb
7、rilliance.(Unschuld)“阴阳”具体概念的英译在具体的语言环境中,如以“阴阳”指代具体概念,如男女、性生活、阴阳经脉、(阴)血和(阳)气、等,翻译时就应予以点明。1.丈夫八岁,肾气实,发长齿更;二八,肾气盛,天癸至,精气溢泻,阴阳和,故能有子。(《黄帝内经素问·上古天真论》)英译:Inthemale,attheageof8theboy’skidneyqiisabundant,hishairgrowsandhisbabyteetharereplacedbypermanentones.Atth
8、eageof16thetianguiorsex-stimulatingessencematures,hebeginstosecretesemen;ifatthispointthemaleandfemaleuniteinharmony,achildmaybeconceived.2.冲任之脉既起于胞内,阴阳过度,则伤胞络