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1、中文2640字本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译外文出处Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg,2008,173-182外文作者CengizKahraman,TufanDemirel,andNihanDemirel原文:EffectsofInflationunderFuzzinessandSomeApplicationsAbstract:Thischapterpresentsthewaysofincorporatingtheparameterfuzzyinflationtotheengineer
2、ingeconomyanalyses.Inflationisafinancialparameterdifficulttoestimate.Thefuzzysettheorygivesusthepossibilityofconvertinglinguisticexpressionsaboutinflationestimatestonumericalvalues.Inthechapter,discountedcashflowtechniquesincludingthesefuzzyexpressionsandsome
3、numericalexamplesaregiven.Theobtainedresultsshowtheintervaloftheworstandthebestpossibleoutcomeswhenfuzzyinflationratesaretakenintoaccount.1IntroductionInflationisanincreaseintheamountofmoneynecessarytoobtainthesameamountofproductorservicebeforetheinflatedpric
4、ewaspresent.Withtheinflationinanytimepricesriseandthepurchasingpowerdecreases,ittakesmoredollarsforthesameamountofgoodsorservices.Deflationistheoppositeofinflation.Ithastheoppositeeffects,withdeflationpricesdecreaseandthepurchasingpowerincreases.Withthedeflat
5、ion,ittakesfewerdollarsinthefuturetobuythesameamountofgoodsorservicesasitdoestoday.Thegovernmentscanbefacetofacewiththeinflationmuchmorecommonlythandeflationatnationaleconomy(BlankandTarquin2002,Sharp-BetteandPark1990,Degarmoetal.1990,G.nen1990,Young1993).9Mo
6、stpeopleareundoubtedlyawarethatinflationhastodowithpriceincreases.Whatisperhapslesswell-knownisthatthemeaningofthewordinflationhaschangedsomewhatovertime.Originallythewordinflationwasusedtodescribeacharacteristicofmoney–thatitsvaluewaseroded.Thishappenswhenal
7、lpricesinaneconomyriseatthesamerateovertime.Whenallpricesriseatthesamerate,households’incomes(forexamplewages)increaseasmuchastheirexpenses.Thismeansthathouseholdshavetopaymoreforthesamequantityofgoods.However,neitherhouseholdconsumptionnoritsactualvalue(util
8、ity)isaffectedwhenallpricesriseatthesamerate.Overtime,however,themeaningofthewordinflationhaschangedsomewhat.Todayitisoftenusedsynonymouslywiththewordspriceincreaseandcantherebydescribean