电工识图（electrical drawing）

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电工识图（Electricaldrawing）Therearemanykindsofelectricaldiagrams,inwhichtheoutline,circuitdiagram,logicdiagramandwiringdiagramareintroduced.Asketchofthesizeofthesystem,theoverallscheme,thecomposition,andthemainfeaturesofthesystemisneeded.Theelectricalprincipleofthesystemandthedeviceareanalyzed.Thecircuitdiagramisneededwhenanalyzingthecharacteristicsofthecircuit.Representstheconnectionbetweenthecomponentsofanelectricaldevice,sothatwiringdiagramsareavailableforinstallationandwiring.Indigitalcircuits,therearelogicdiagramsthatshowthelogicalfunctionsoffunctionalcomponents.Theyfollowthegeneralrulesofelectricaldiagramsandhavetheirowncharacteristics.Lecture1:electricaldiagramexpression:1,sketch:adiagramwithagraphicsymbol,aframewithnotesorasimplifiedformrepresentingtherelationshipandconnectionbetweenthecomponentsofthesystemorequipment.Mostoftheelectricaldiagramsarediagrams.Suchassketchdiagram,logicdiagram,functiondiagram,circuitdiagram,wiringdiagram,etc..Thesketchdoesnotmeansimplecontent,butthesimplificationofform.Table2,figure:anewkindoffigureisgood,itisbycombiningthenumberofspecialgraphicsymbolsandtextdescriptionofthefew,todescribearelationshipbetweentwoormorethantwovariables,suchascurvediagram,sequencediagram,functiondiagram.Thechartcanalsobeadiagram.Itisimportanttopointoutthatthetablediagramcannotbeunderstoodasagraph,becausetheexpressionofthetablediagramismainlyusingthegraphratherthanthetable.3,table:isthedataandothercontentinaverticalandhorizontalarrangementofanexpressiontoillustratethesystem,completesetsofequipmentineachcomponentofthe relationshiporconnection,canbereferredtoastables,suchasequipmentlist.Second:schematicdiagram(alsoknownasthesystemmapordiagram)isannotatedwiththesymbolorframeinthebasiccompositionofsystemorsubsystem,asketchofmutualrelationsandmaincharacteristics,fromthepointofviewofsystemdesignappearedbrieflyexpressedtheoverallprogram,therelationshipbetweentheworkingprincipleandmainpartssetamongdifferentcomponents:fromtheangleoffunctionroughlyexpressioncharacteristicsofthevariouspartsoftheproject,andthefunctionarebrieflyintroduced.Roughlycanbedividedtodifferentlevelsofdrawing,stepbystepcanrefertodrawingobjectdecompositionleveldivision,thehigherlevelcanreflecttheobjectofthelowerlevelobjectcanbeexpressedindetail.(1)useschematicdiagram:tofurtherpreparedetailedtechnicaldocumentationandlogicdiagram,circuitdiagram,wiringdiagram,planetoprocess,relatedelectricalcalculation,selectionofwire,switchandotherequipment,toprovidedataforthemaindistributionequipmentlayoutandinstallationposition.(2)thecharacteristicsandbasicformsofthesketchmap:thelayoutofthesketchmapusesthefunctionlayoutmethod,whichcanclearlyexpresstheflowdirectionoftheprocessandinformation,sothatitcanbeeasilyseen.Thecontrolsignalflowandprocessflowshouldbeperpendiculartoeachother.Therearebasicallythreeforms:A,ageneraldrawingwithgeneralsymbols.B,blockdiagram.Ablockdiagramisformedwithgraphicalsymbolswhenrepresentingasystemorsubsystem.AgeneraldrawingofCandnonelectricalprocesses:insomecases,agraphthatisrepresentedbyanoncurrentblockinordertorepresentthecompositionandcharacteristicsofthesystemmoreclearly.Lecture3:circuitdiagram:1.Basic featuresandmainusesofcircuitdiagram:circuitdiagramisadiagrammadeupofgraphicsymbolsandliteralsymbolsinorderofwork.Usedtodescribeindetailallthebasiccomponentsandconnectionsofacircuit,adevice,oracompletesetofequipment.Withoutconsideringitsactualposition.Foradetailedunderstandingoftheworkingprincipleofthecircuitexpressionobject,analysisandcalculationofthecircuitcharacteristics,andprovideinformationfortestingandmaintenance,andprovidethebasisfordrawingthewiringdiagramcanbedrawn,butalsowiththewiringdiagram,functiondiagramdrawingcombination.2,thebasicprovisionsofthecircuitdiagram:equipmentandcomponentsofthemethodofexpression,theuseofsymbolicrepresentationcanalsobesimplifiedshaperepresentation,andinanappropriateformtomarkitsname,name,type,specification,quantity,etc..Theworkingstateofequipmentandcomponents,whosemovablepartsshouldusuallybeexpressedinthestateorpositionofnonexcitationornonwork.Thearrangementofsymbolsisthemechanicalconnectionbetweenthedrivepartandthedrivenpart,Itisnecessarytodeterminethecorrespondencebetweenthelogicallevelandthelogicalstate,thatistosay,tomakelogicalconventions.Inonepicturecanonlyusea,(2)thepolarityindicatorlogicagreed(alsoknownasmixedlogicConvention):polarindicationsymbol"horizontalshortfrontuppertriangle"isalsousedinthegraphicsymboloftheinputandoutputends,thepolaritysymbolsaretorepresenttherelationshipbetweeninputandtheoutputendoftheexternalandinternallogiclevellogicstate.Note:inthenonlogicalsymbolsofgraphicsymbols,bothexternallogicstateand externallogiclevel,thiscannotbeusedatthesametimepolarindicationsymbols;graphicsymbolsinthepolarindicator,onlytheexistenceofexternallogiclevel,thepresenceofexternallogicstate,youcannotusenonlogicsymbol.3,thecharacteristicsoflogicdiagram:logicdiagramlayoutusuallyfromlefttorightorfromtoptobottom,clearlyreflectstheflowofinformation,graphicalsymbolsrangecanarbitrarilychangetheinputandoutputlineswereplacedonbothsidesoftheframeandtherelativegraphicsymbols,graphicsymbolsandtheverticalline,thegeneralinputlineintheleft.Rightinline.(2)connectinglineanditsmarkingmachine:theconnectionlinebetweenbinarylogicunit,graphicsymbolandsymbolisthebasicelementoflogicdiagram.Theconnectionlineandtheinputandoutputlinesofeachunitonthelogicalchartarecalledsignallines.Inthedrawinglogicdiagram,intheconnectinglineareconnectedlinemarking,markingstringconsistingoflogicdiagramofconnectinglinecompleteinformationnormallyshouldprovidethreetypesofinformation:giventhesignalofinterrelatedinformation;giventhesignalofthetruevaluefunction;correspondingrelationshipwithlogiclevelbetweenthegivensignalalsoshouldbeadoptedinthepolarindicationthesymbolsinthefigure(3)connectedtothenonlogicelement:thelogicdiagramisoftenusedinsomenonlogicalcomponents,suchasresistors,appliances,lights,relays,switchesetc..Whentheseelementscontrolthelogicunit,thewaveformandlevelaremarkedattheconnectionoftheseelementstoindicatetheconditionsoftheiractions.Thereisnologicalnonsymbolontheterminalsoftheseelements.(4):timingdiagraminsequentialcircuits,inordertoreflectmoreclearlytheCPclockpulse,theinputsignal,thecorrespondingrelationshipbetweentheoutputsignalofthe signal,whichappearintheorder,alsoshoulddrawtheworkwaveformoftimesequencediagramofthem.(5)truthtable:atablethatlistsallthevaluesoflogicalvariables.4,thetheoryoflogicdiagramandengineeringlogicdiagram,theoreticallogicdiagramisusedtoexpressthefunctionofthesystem,thelogicalconnectionandworkingprinciple,anddoesnotinvolvethelogicfunction,onlyreflectthelogicstate,doesnotreflectthelogiclevel,sothetheoryoflogicdiagramcanonlyusenonlogicalsymbolswithpolaritysymbolscannotdraw.Theengineeringlogicdiagramshouldnotonlyshowthefunctionofthesystem,thelogicalconnectionandtheworkingprinciple,butalsodeterminethehardwarecircuittorealizethelogicalfunction,anddeterminetheactualdeviceandengineeringcontenttorealizethelogicalfunction.Therefore,engineeringlogicdiagramscanuseeitherlogicalnonsymbolicorpolarindicatingsymbols.Butitshouldbenotedthatthelogicalagreementisadopted,andwhenthepolaritysymbolisused,thelogicalconventionisnotrequired.Whenyoudrawalogicaldiagram,thefirststepistodeterminethehardwarecircuitandlogicalconventionsyoucanuse.Thesecondstepistoreplacethegraphicalsymbolsofthecorrespondingfunctionsinthetheoreticallogicdiagramwiththegraphicalsymbolsofthehardwarecircuit,andconnectthemwiththeconnectingwires.Inaddition,wheretheneedcanbeinsertedintothegateorreverser.ThethirdstepistoaddthenameofthesignalandotherinformationLecture1:thebasicmethodofelectricaldrawing.1,combinedwiththebasicknowledgeofelectricalengineeringandelectronictechnologyfrom2,combinedwiththestructureandworkingprincipleofMcCain,electricalcomponentsofthe3, withthetypicalcircuitdrawing,basiccircuitoftypicalcircuitiscommon,suchasmotorstarting,brakingandreversingcontrol,overloadprotection,timecontrol,processcontrol,rectifier,transistoroscillationandamplification,thyristortriggerpulseanddigitalcircuit,etc..4,combinedwiththedrawingstoexplainthefigure,5,combinedwithelectricaldrawingrequirements:A,inthedrawingcircuitdiagram,allkindsofelectricalcomponentsareusedbythenationalunifiedprovisionsofthetextsymbolsandgraphicsymbols.B,themaincircuitisdrawnwithroughlines,Thecontrolcircuitisdrawninathinline.Ingeneral,themaincircuitispaintedontheleft,andthecontrolcircuitpictureisontheright.C,eachpartofthesameelectricalappliancedoesnotdrawtogether,accordingtoitsprincipleofdispersion,whendrawing,inordertofacilitateidentification,theyaremarkedwiththesametextsymbol.D,tocompleteseveralelectricalcomponentswiththesamenaturetask,addthenumeralafterthecharactersymboltoidentify.E,alltheelectricalcomponentsinthecircuitaredrawnaccordingtothenormalstate.Second:picturesofthefollowingsteps:1,readspecification,tounderstandthemechanicalstructureoftheequipment,theelectricdrivemode,theelectricalcontrolrequirements,usingthemethodofoperationofmotorandelectricalcomponentsofthelayoutandequipment,allkindsofbuttonswitchfunction.2,lookatthedrawingsinstructions,getthedrawings,firstlookatthedrawingsinstructions,makeclearthedesigncontentandconstructionrequirements,drawingsinstructionsincludingdrawings,directories,technicalspecifications,componentsdetailsandconstructioninstructions.3,lookatthetheme column.Onthebasisofdrawinginstructions,thenlookatthemaintitlecolumntounderstandthenameoftheelectricaldiagramandthecontentsofthetitlecolumn.Withthebasicknowledgeofthecircuit,theelectricaldiagramofthetype,nature,roleandsoonhaveaclearunderstanding.4,lookattheoutlinediagram(systemdiagramorblockdiagram)tounderstandthegeneralsituationofthewholesystemorsubsystem,namelytheirbasiccomposition,relationshipanditsmaincharacteristics,5,lookatthecircuitdiagram.Thisisthecoreofelectricaldiagram,forcomplexcircuitdiagram,shouldfirstlookattherelevantlogicdiagramandfunctiondiagram.Whenyoulookatthecircuitdiagram,youmustdistinguishthemaincircuitandcontrolcircuit,ACcircuitandDCcircuit,andthenlookatthemaincircuitinaccordancewiththefirstlookatthecontrolcircuitinordertolookat.Lookatthemaincircuit,youshouldfirstlookupfromthebottom,thatis,startingfromtheuseofelectricalequipment,thecontrolcomponentstothepowersupply.Lookatthecontrolcircuit,atthetopfromlefttoright,whichisthefirstpowerofeachloop,bylookingatthemaincircuit,tofindouttheelectricequipmentishowtotakepowerfromthepowersupply,powersupplybywhichcomponentstotheload,thecontrolcircuit,toknowthecircuitstructure,theconnectionbetweentheelement(sequential,interlocking)controlrelationshipandwhatconditionsthecircuitorcircuitworkingprincipleandpath,makethewholesystem.6,lookatthewiringdiagram.Wiringdiagramisdrawnonthebasisofthecircuitdiagram,sotocontrolthewiringdiagramtoseethewiringdiagram,seealsolookatthemaincircuit,andthenlookatthecontrolcircuit.Accordingtotheterminalsigns,circuitlabels,fromthepowerorderinordertofindoutthedirectionoftheline andtheconnectionmethodofthecircuit,eachcomponentishowtoformaclosedloopthroughtheconnectionline.Themaincircuit,startingfromthepowerinputend,withsequentialcontroldevicesandcircuitstoelectricalequipment,andseeadifferentcircuitdesign,controlcircuittoseefromoneendtotheotherendofthepowersupply,accordingtotheorderofeachcircuitelementanalysis.Thewiringnumberinthewiringdiagramisthemarkofthewireconnectionbetweentheelectricalcomponents,andthelinenumberisthesame,andcanbeconnectedinprinciple.Becausethewiringdiagramismostlyrepresentedbyasingleline,thedirectionoftheconductorshouldbeidentified,andtheconnectionbetweentheinsideandoutsidecircuitoftheterminalboardmustbeknown.Thefirstsection:thestepsandmethodscommonlyusedintheproductionofmechanicalandelectricalcontrol,electricalcontroldiagram:adiagram:classificationandcharacteristicsarecomposedofvariouscomponentsandcontrolcircuit,adeviceforcontrollingtheoperationmodeofthemotorormechanicalproduction.Itiscalledelectricalcontrolchart,whichindicatestheworkingprinciple,electricalwiringandinstallationmethod.Thecontrolcircuitdiagram,whichmainlyrepresentstheworkingprinciple,iscalledthecontrolwiringdiagram,whichmainlyrepresentstheelectricalwiringrelationship;thelayoutofthemaincomponents,whichiscalledthecontrolpanellayout,iscalledthecontrolwiringdiagram.1,electricalcontrolcircuitdiagram:theelectricalcontroldevicesarerepresentedbygraphicalsymbolsandarrangedinaccordancewiththeirworkingorder,detaileddescriptionofthecontroldevice,thebasicstructureofthecircuitandconnectiondiagram.(themaincircuitandauxiliary circuit:1electricalcontroldiagramofelectricalcontroldiagramgeneralpowercircuit,maincircuitandauxiliarycircuit(includingcontrolcircuit,signalcircuitandalightingcircuitmaincircuit)referstotheuseofelectricalpowersupplycircuit,auxiliarycircuitcontrolcircuitiscontrolledbythemaincircuit,alsocalledaloopor.Thecurrentofthiscircuitislarge,anditiscustomarytousecoarseblacklinesontheupperorleftofthedrawing.Theauxiliarycircuitisthecircuitthatcontrolstheactionofthemaincircuit,andalsothecircuitthatsendsouttheinstructionsignaltotheoperationcircuit.Alsoknownasthecontrolcircuitorthetwocircuit,generallybytherelayandcontactorcoil,relaycontacts,contactorauxiliarycontacts,buttons,signallights,controltransformersandothercomponents.Drawtherightorthelowerpartofthedrawinginthedrawing.Theauxiliarycircuitismorecomplexthanthemaincircuit,thecontrolelementismore,andevencomposedofseveralunitcircuits.Thereareseveralsmallcircuitsineachunit,andeachsmallloophasoneorseveralcontrolelements.(2)theelectricalcontrolcircuitdiagramdrawingrulesandfeatures:A,circuit,powercircuit,maincircuit,controlcircuitandsignalcircuitaredrawn:thepowercircuitdrawahorizontalline,three-phasepowersupply,L1,L2,L3fromthetopdown,orfromlefttorightorderdrawthelineNandPEintheprotectivegroundingwireorrightunderthepaintingline.TheDCpowerisdrawnbythepositiveendontheupperandthenegativeends.Thepowerswitchshouldbedrawnhorizontally.Themaincircuit,thatis,eachpowerdeviceanditsprotectiveappliances(suchasfuses,thermalrelays,thermalcomponents)shouldbedrawnperpendiculartothepower line.Themaincircuitcanberepresentedbysinglelineormultiline.Controlcircuitandsignalcircuitshouldbeverticalpaintingintwoorseverallevelsofpowerline,electriccoil,signallampandotherpowercomponentsaredirectlyconnectedwiththePEbelowthehorizontalline,andtheconnectionbetweenpowerandcontrolthecontactelementinthetoplevelofpowerline.Nomatterthemaincircuitandauxiliarycircuit,theelectricalcomponentsshouldgenerallyaccordingtotheactionsequenceofproductionequipmentfromtoptobottomorfromlefttorightinorder,canbehorizontalorverticallayout,thegeneralisstillinthecontrolcircuitdiagramofeachparallelbranchindicatethatpartofthenextcontrolaction.B,electricalcomponentsandequipmentconsistingofmultiplecomponents,arrangedaccordingtotheprincipleofeasyreading,canberepresentedbycentralized,semicentralizedorseparaterepresentation.Forcomplexcontrolcircuits,separaterepresentationisadopted.Eachcomponentofthesameelectricalcomponentcannotbepaintedinthesamecircuit,butallcomponentsofthesameelectricalappliancemustbemarkedwiththesameliteralsymbols.Whenyouhavethesameelectricalcomponentsinthediagram,youneedtoaddanumericaldifferencetothetextsymboloftheelectricalappliance.Seeseparatefattouh,notethatbetweenelementslinkedthroughcodesymbolsorprojects,especiallytherelationshipbetweenthecoilandthecontactelementinthistypeofcontactor,relay.C,allelectricalswitchandcontactstatetoendcoilisenergized,handleatzeropoint;limitswitch,buttondoesnotforcethestatetoprevail,thatfiguresaidisjustnormal,howeveracircuitinordertoachievedifferentoperationmodetocontrolthemotor,itmusthaveacorrespondingtheworkingstate,sometimeshavetodraw astatediagram.InthecircuitdiagramofD,thecontactpointsofcrosswireswithdirectcontactshouldberepresentedbysmallblackdots,andthecrosswireswithoutdirectcontactshouldnotbepaintedwithblackdots.E,allterminalsofmotorsandelectricalapplianceshavecircuitlabels.F,eachelementinthefigurealsomarkedthepositionnumber,thecircuitisdividedintoseveralregionsandusescircuitdiagrammark,function(markedabove)andcode(standardbelow)g,voltage,current,contactorandrelaytimeoftheiractionistorelyonattractingcoilonandofftoachievethe.Buttherearesomeelectricalappliancesthatdonotattractcoils,suchasbuttons,strokeswitches,pressurerelays,temperaturerelays,andsoon,onlycontacts,thesecontactsrelyonexternalforcesorotherfactorstoachieve.2,electricalcontrolwiringdiagram:theelectricalcontroldeviceistheconnectionbetweenthecomponents,mainlyusedforinstallationwiringandchecktheschematicdiagramoftheline.Thegeneralsmallelectricalcontroldevicecanberegardedasaunit,sothecommonformoftheelectricalcontrolwiringdiagramistheunitwiringdiagram,ifnecessary,alsodrawtheterminalwiringdiagram,canalsogivethewiringtableatthesametime.Thewiringdiagramsoftheelectriccontrolunitareusuallysinglelinemethod(wiringharnessmethod),multilinemethod(SanXianfa)andinterruptlinemethod(markmethod).Theelectricalcontrolwiringdiagramrepresentedbythesinglelinemethod:intheelectricalcontroldevice,theconnectionlinebetweenthesamecomponentsisrepresentedbyagraphline,thatis,alineonthegraphrepresentstheactualsetofwiresorabunchofwires.Forthosethatarenotexactlythesame, butaslongastheygothesamewayinacertainsection,thelinerepresentstheconductorinthissection,whichcanbebrokenoutonebyone.Thelinesinthewiringharnesscomeinfromthemidway,andtherearealsotheterminalswhichareseparatedfromeachotherandfinallyarriveattheconnectingelementsoftheconnectedcomponents.Themaincircuitandtheauxiliarycircuitarealsostrictlyseparatedfromthewiringdiagramrepresentedbytheon-linebundlemethod.Theymustbeexpressedseparatelyeveniftheygotothesamedirection.Thedrawingprincipleandcharacteristicsofwiringdiagram:thecircuitwiringdiagramisdrawnaccordingtothecorrespondingcircuitdiagram,whichshowsthespecificwiringoftheelectricalequipment,devicesandcontrolcomponentsasthestartingpoint.Forthepurposeofconvenientwiringandreasonablewiring,thetelephonewiringdiagrammustindicatethespecificlocationofeachline,andeachlinehasaspecificlinenumber.A,thewiringdiagramshouldshowtheactualpositionoftheelectricalcomponents,thesameappliancestodrawtogether,andthedottedframe,suchasacontactorcoil,ismaincontactandauxiliarycontactsaredrawntogetherinthedottedboxinthe.B,thelinesthatgothesamecanbedrawnintoasingleline.Theelectricalconnectionbetweentheinsideandoutsideofthecontrolboardiscarriedoutthroughthewiringterminals.C,thegraphicsymbolsandtextsymbolsoftheelectricalcomponentsinthewiringdiagramandthenumberofterminalsshouldbeconsistentwiththecircuitdiagram,soastochecktheline.Wheneachwireofthetwoendsofthewireharnessandthemiddlebranchisconnectedwiththeelectricalcomponent,itshouldbemarkedattheterminals,andseverallinesbelongingtothesameconductorshouldbemarkedthesamemark.D,themaincircuitisrepresentedbythesolid line,theauxiliarycircuitrepresentedbythinlines.Eachbundleismarkedwiththenumber,type,sectionalareaoftheconductor,thelayingmethodoftheconductorandthetypeanddiameteroftheline.