现代英语词汇学概论3 word-formation

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1、Chapter3(构词法)3.1GeneralRemark概述3.2Compounding复合构词法3.3Derivation派生构词法3.3.1Prefixation加前缀3.3.2Suffixation加后缀3.4Conversion词类转换法Thedifferencesbetween“root”,“stem”and“base”?Root/词根:isnotfurtheranalyzable,eitherintermsofderivationalorinflectionalmorphologyStem/词干:thepartoftheword-formwhichremainswhenalli

2、nflectionalaffixeshavebeenremoved.Base/词基:anyformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.undesirables=un+desire+able+sBase:desirable→desire(base)undesirable→desirable(base)undesirables→undesirable(base)Base/词基:anyformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.2)denationalizeddenationalized=de+nation+al+ize+dRoot:

3、nationStem:denationalizeBase:national→nationnationalize→nationaldenationalize→nationalizedenationalized→denationalizedesirable:desire(rootorbase,notstem)undesirable:desirable(base,notroot,notstem)undesirables:undesirable(stemorbase,notroot)desired:desire(root,stemorbase)3.2Compounding复合构词法Questions

4、:1.Whatiscompounding?2.Whataretherelativecriteriaofacompound?3.Theclassificationofcompounding?Whatiscompounding?Compounding/composition:aword-formationprocessconsistingofjoiningtwoormorebasestoformanewunit.e.g.flowerpot=flower+potmachine-independent=machine+independentbackTherelativecriteriaofacomp

5、ound1.Orthographiccriterion:Compoundsarewritteninthreeways,thatis,solid,hyphenatedandopen.E.g.flowerpotSolid:flowerpotHyphenated:flower-potOpen:flowerpot2.Phonologicalcriterion:Compoundaccent:amainstressonthefirstelementandsecondarystressonthesecondelement.Normalphraseaccent:asecondarystressonthefi

6、rstelementandthemainstressonthesecondelement.E.g.blacklistblackboardbluebottle3.Semanticcriterion:Semantically,compoundscanbesaidtohaveameaningwhichmayberelatedtobutcannotalwaysbeinferredfromthemeaningofitscomponentparts.E.g.E.g.flowerpotworkdaybackyardNote:wecaninferthemeaningfromthemeaningofitsco

7、mponentpartsredtape(官样文章，烦琐拖沓的公事程序)dogdays（thehottestdayoftheyear）flatfoot(apoliceman)blueblood(thequalityofbeinganoblemanbybirth)blueribbon(anhonorgiventothewinnerofthefirstprize)Note:wecannotinferthemeani