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1、ENGLISHDICTIONARIES&HOWTOUSETHEMChapterXIIWhydoEnglishlanguagelearnersneeddictionaries?Acraftsmanwhowishestopracticehiscraftwellmustfirstsharpenhistools.Dictionarieshelpuslearnnewwords.Dictionarieshelpuscontextualizenewvocabulary.Dictionarieshelpusbuildlearnerautonomy.2WhatisanEnglishdictio
2、nary?ItisabookwhichrepresentsinalphabeticorderthewordsoftheEnglishlanguage,withinformationastoitsspelling,pronunciation,meaninganditsetymology.3CharacteristicsofDictionaries1）Dictionariesarereferencebooks,tobeexact,thereferencesourceinprintorelectronicform;2)Dictionariesarecompiledaccording
3、tothenatureofthevocabulary;3)Thechiefunitsofcompilingdictionariesareentries,thatis,words,includingmorphemes(affixes),andcombiningforms;4)Word-entriesinanydictionaryarearrangedinalphabeticalorder.4Thedevelopmentofdictionaries1.Origin:beganinAnglo-Saxontimes,printedinLatin2.FirstEnglishdictio
4、naries:appearedinthe17thcentury;defined“hardwords”intermsofotherEnglishwords;(Why?)3.FirstEnglishDictionaries(hardtradition)RobertCaswdrey:TableAlphabeticalofHardWords(1604)56SamuelJohnson:ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1755)The18thcenturywasanageofdictionariesandtheencyclopedicandlexicogr
5、aphicaltendenciesofthetimereceivedtheirfullestexpressioninthisbook.Identifiedasamatterofnationalprideanddefense,asymbolofBritishindividualismandstrength7NoahWebster:AnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1828)Reason?theAmericanlanguagewaschangingfromthatoftheBritish;newwords,newmeaningsfo
6、roldwords,differentpronunciations,andnewusagesCharacteristics:70,000entriesDefinitions:differencesbetweenAmericanandBritishusageandmeaning;ManywordsofAmericanorigin;IllustrativequotationsofAmericans;ChangedAmericanspellingAgreatsuccess:Websterissynonymousfordictionary8TheOxfordEnglishDictio
7、naryEarlynameANewEnglishDictionaryOnHistoricalPrinciplesbyJamesA.H.Murray,etc9Mini-research(themostbeautifulEnglishwordsTop70)Tocelebrateits70thanniversary,onNov.24,2004,theBritishCultureAssociationcarriedapollaboutthemostbeautifulwordsintheEnglishlangua
