现代大学词汇学概论总结

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1、1.Morpheme(词素)Themorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.2.Allomorphs(词素变体)Anallomorphisanyofthevariantformsofamorphemeasconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsounds.3.Compounding(复合词)Compositionorcompoundingisaword-for

2、mationprocessconsistingofjoiningtwoormorebasestoformanewunit,acompoundword.ItisacommondevicewhichhasbeenproductiveateveryperiodoftheEnglishlanguage.Todaythelargestnumberofnewwordsareformedbycompounding.4．Derivation(词源)A.Thedefinitionofprefixation(前缀)Prefixationistheform

3、ationofnewwordsbyaddingprefixestostems.Features:Prefixesdonotgenerallychangetheword-classofthestembutonlymodifyitsmeaning.Themajorityofprefixesarecharacterizedbytheirnon-class-changingnature.Theirchieffunctionistochangemeaningsofthestems.B.Thedefinitionofsuffixation(后缀)

4、Suffixationistheformationofnewwordsbyaddingsuffixestostems.Unlikeprefixeswhichprimarilychangethemeaningofthestem,suffixeshaveonlyasmallsemanticrole,theirprimaryfunctionbeingtochangethegrammaticalfunctionofstems.Inotherwords,theymainlychangethewordclass.However,theymayal

5、soaddattachedmeaningtothestem.5.Conversion（转换）Conversionisaword-formationwherebyawordofacertainword-classisshiftedintoawordofanotherwithouttheadditionofanaffix.Itisalsocalledzeroderivation(零位派生).Thisisamethodofturningwordsofonepartofspeechtothoseofadifferentpartofspeech

6、.Thesewordsarenewonlyinagrammaticalsense.Sincethewordsdonotchangeinmorphologicalstructurebutinfunction,thisprocessisalsoknownasfunctionalshift.6.AcronymyA.ThedefinitionofinitialismsInitialisms（首字母连写法）:atypeofshortening,usingthefirstlettersofwordstoformapropername,atechn

7、icalterm,oraphrase;aninitialismispronouncedletterbyletter.B.ThedefinitionofacronymsAcronyms（首字母拼音法）:wordsformedfromtheinitiallettersofwordsandpronouncedaswords.Acronymsdifferfrominitialismsinthattheyarepronouncedaswordsratherthanassequencesofletters.7.BlendingBlending（拼

8、缀法）isaprocessofword-formationinwhichanewwordisformedbycombiningpartsoftwowords.Theresultofsuchaprocessiscalled