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1、【标题】英语习得中的母语负迁移【作者】杨欣【关键词】语言迁移；负迁移；英语习得 【指导老师】张海霞伍海英【专业】英语【正文】I.IntroductionItisuniversallyacknowledgedthatEnglishandChinesearetwodifferentlanguagesystemsbelongingtoIndo-EuropeanandSino-Tibetanlanguagefamilyrespectively.Whenlearningaforeignlanguage,anindividualalreadyknowshismothertongue,sothatthe
2、yhavebeenveryfamiliarwiththerulesofmotherlanguage.Inaddition,therearesimilaritiesinlanguagelearning.Therefore,whentheylearnanewlanguage,theytransferthoserulesintothesecondlanguageunconsciously,andthentransfersappear. Transferis “atermusedbypsychologistsintheiraccountsofthewayinwhichpresentlearning
3、isaffectedbypastlearning”.1Odlinhassuggestedthattransferistheinfluenceresultingfromthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetargetlanguageandanyotherlanguagethathasbeenpreviouslyandperhapsimperfectlyacquired .2Insecondlanguagelearning,thisphenomenonisaverygeneralpsychologicalprocessthatofrelyingonpr
4、iorknowledgetofacilitatenewlearning.Forthefirstplace,beforelearningaforeignlanguage,theexperienceofthelearnerisacquiredandpreservedthroughhisnativelanguage,sotheseexperienceswillbeusedfortheforeignlanguagelearning.Forthesecond,thenativelanguageservesasatoolfortheforeignlanguagelearningandtheknowle
5、dgeandskillofthenativelanguagewillbetransferredtotheforeignlanguageunconsciously.Someofthenativelanguagestructuralknowledgemaybetransferredtothelearners’mentalstateunconsciously.Andthiswouldmakethelearnersproduceanincorrectsentence.ManyofChinesestudentshavealreadyacquiredsomeChinesebeforetheylearn
6、English,whichmakethemnaturallyusetheknowledgeofmotherlanguagetolearnEnglish.Asaresult,theinfluenceofmotherlanguageintheEnglishlearningisunavoidable.Sincethereareequivalents,similaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthenativeandtheforeignlanguageinlinguisticstructure,socialcultureandlogicthought,theformsoft
7、ransferduringtheprocessoflearningaredifferent,includingpositiveandnegativetransfer.Negativetransferhasbeingstudiedforalongtime,becauseitplaysanobviousroleinsecondlanguageacquisitioncomparedwithpositivetransfer.II
