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ID:19685418
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页数:12页
时间:2018-10-05
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1、ScarletFeverLauraGuzman&DanielaHernandezWhatisScarletFever?EtiologyEpidemiologyModeoftransmissionClinicalManifestationsDiagnosticTreatmentPreventionBibliographyWhatisScarletFever?ScarletFeverisanupperrespiratoryinfectioncausedbyagroupAstreptococcusbacteria.Thisbacteriamakesatoxinthatcancausearedr
2、ash,hencethename“scarlet”fever.Scarlatinaisduetoathroatinfectioncausedbyabacterium(germ)calledstreptococcus.Therearevariousstrains(types)ofstreptococcus.TheycausedifferentinfectionsandastraincalledgroupAstreptococcuscausesscarletfever.Thefeverrashoccurswhenthestreptococcalbacteriareleasepoisonsto
3、xinsthatmaketheskingored.Mostcommoninchildrenaged3-15years,themostcommonagebeing4years.Itmorefrequentlyoccursinthelatewinterorinearlyspring.EtiologyScarlatinaisastreptococcaldisease.Gram-positivecoccithatgrowinchains.GroupAstreptococciarenormalinhabitantsofthenasopharynx(pharynx).Coccal-shapedbac
4、teriumStreptococcuspyogenes,thepathogenthatcausesscarletfever,alsoknownasgroupA.streptococci(GAS).GroupAstreptococcicancausepharyngitis,skininfections(includingerysipelaspyodermaandcellulitis),pneumonia,bacteremia,andlymphadenitis.Theincubationperiodrangesfrom12hoursto7days.Patientsarecontagiousd
5、uringtheacuteillnessandduringthesubclinicalphase.Person-to-personspreadbymeansofrespiratorydropletsisthemostcommonmodeoftransmission.EpidemiologyAsmanyas10%ofthepopulationcontractsgroupAstreptococcalpharyngitis.Ofthisgroup,asmanyas10%thendevelopscarletfever.Theinfectionrateincreasesinovercrowdedp
6、laces.Immunity,whichistypespecific,maybeinducedbyacarrierstateorovertinfection.Predominantlyoccursinchildrenaged5-15years,thoughitcanalsooccurinolderchildrenandadults.Bythetimechildrenare10yearsold,80%havedevelopedlifelongprotectiveantibodiesagainststreptococcalpyrogenicexotoxins.Scarlatinaisrare
7、inchildrenyoungerthan2yearsbecauseofthepresenceofmaternalantiexotoxinantibodiesandlackofpriorsensitization.February2014:atotalof868notificationsofscarletfeverwithonsetdatesduringweeks5to8of2014weremadetoPublicHealthEng
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