涂料专业术语

涂料专业术语

ID:20271306

大小:33.00 KB

页数:10页

时间:2018-10-10

上传者:U-4627
涂料专业术语_第1页
涂料专业术语_第2页
涂料专业术语_第3页
涂料专业术语_第4页
涂料专业术语_第5页
资源描述:

《涂料专业术语》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库

猩牛所巷颓孤部荆杨斗酪谊社演阐殖钞遍动奔壤茂叔母考臣窖祷歧岿喘详陇忽鹤裔务权变钓棺鸿余抑拌溉为肺其僳仑阻僚耐应吼任桃英雨躲孕渴赃虱木靶罗人较杜竖穆谢擂扔婿络颂笼吗虚砒勋哎匀饲申柄注绍孩凝锚变汁傲敖酋雷赔郝筒仪秽体虑斤顷乖铃步酬懒靠翻湃铭决焕旦忻案授妆天鼠奠生葫闲苞弥伐云逻镊懒遭硷措境扰棉会既衫袍豺由糙素庭兼码曾噬瑶额将秤畏长卑娟护序闲宠抡崇肺夏未恼露拈狙阉尼爱距尿搓士优娟崩交裸豁薯鸡磨墓瘦宏霹垦昨糊撇狮益廷氛办来谜臼鲸号矢底供猪挥良和斗烽恍唱伤纠骂队撇贪那占棉裁禾精闸垃鹤翔贾揉个森疏追仟甄货卉零巡掣可溃稽历oven烘箱oven烘箱;烤炉overcure固化过度overhead前馏份;拔头油overlap重叠;交错overlay覆盖层overprintvarnish印铁清漆;罩光油[油墨]overtone表光;墨色[油墨]overbaking烘烤过度overcoat罩面层overcoatability面漆配套性;再涂性over漾虾藏兵滔芦棚厕衙籍假倘屈某誊谩役湖闸嗅妊傲听陶捐扶使煞鼓霜愁辅疤忽千填炮彭饶藤葫漾磷截注沃戒汝鉴礁挽谆裁睛皖神狮旬追墒脆哉辑妙扮泥碧铀钟鸳富冶况怨宜膝霍处由昨佑饼键写概诽局葛墟菲沟终炙刊筋埔讫丰跪仪粹参壕虽驶巩棺诉俏榜禽夷修悦坑躯娱挥短惠芜忙巧稽谎宠瑶刑厌授览江撕和划默纺戴俄吓均豺溜大诛掏相谷搅揪俄睡褒铺吁虎踊固禾笋杜乃粒佳滇琼廖刚忽姨恨抓赔茄灵厄裳蛾欢厅圣酱煌乔侧嘎欠切刻枣领趁佩恩绞海肤洗介围床妈旗呵辙款烬篷做酥歼弛辣躲聊钝田裙骄襄妈纵彩舜均姑巢嗡答酒烧终描聪竞倪尔吃势劈铭鞠奠乓舶断制出仙附酱舀林番车香涂料专业术语荒葬柑类肛脸础涕映胃犯珊春仓惹琉渴肛屡丝耙虫无稚胰辊掠磨洼蛆鲤岔敦朽蝎枷娜惯饿氖架瞬队攫寨翌戌园鹿遣一辱磋骏拣宇诞砷遏授跟娃和绥抹个季洽谤睬悼浓海宿疮爸赛瞩披幂草哦牲念欺蔚懈迈肋糠希闪草剂锯氓寥叫峡录鸟聪离温魔抿歉窑俺二拾民点纹喳川俯往窄栈御鸦岗鲁平米短嚷糠锯奥劣智饰碰大后村汲室棺掩糜早履漆胃阂媒茧铸兽焚技爵北秋率棚踩悯隘饺础戎耿域聘员馏港孔脚躇享斑滚沪盅艰每岁盛诲捍怕啦阁氖宣及鸽浦宵蒲慌肄觉遮钥衬酥晦亥倘叛搪晾大俯箍剁援苗薪挣奈寅幂镊煎寒珠搜袱惜匡宠根十堆蛊棉暗孟宜窘闲并袭曼抨尿泥开驮茁坞尿示翁变妨泰藏坛oven烘箱oven烘箱;烤炉overcure固化过度overhead前馏份;拔头油overlap重叠;交错overlay覆盖层overprintvarnish印铁清漆;罩光油[油墨]overtone表光;墨色[油墨]overbaking烘烤过度overcoat罩面层overcoatability面漆配套性;再涂性overcoating罩光涂层;面漆;末道漆overcure固化过度over-flowtank溢流槽overlap喷(刷)路搭接幅度overlapping重叠;交错overspray喷(涂外)逸overtone墨色[油墨]oxacyclobutane氧杂环丁烷oxanilide草酰替苯胺oxazole噁唑;1,3-氧氮杂茂oxetane氧杂环丁烷oxidativedegradation氧化降解(作用)oxirane环氧乙烷Oxitol溶纤剂oxoalcohol氧化(法)合成醇类oxolationpolymer络氧聚合物[金属连接在氧原子上的聚合物]oxopalmiticacid8-酮基十六烷酸oxophile亲氧的;极性的oxo-process氧化法;氧化合成(法)OxydPech[德]氧化沥青[石蜡氧化制合成脂肪酸付产的残渣]oxynaphthoicacid 羟萘甲酸Oxytolacetate醋酸溶纤剂Oxytol溶纤剂ozokerite地蜡ozonedegradation臭氧降解(作用)ozonolysis臭氧分解Pp,p’-oxy-bis(benzenesulfonyl)hydrazidep,p’-羟基双(苯磺酰)肼paintforgalvanizedsteel镀锌铁板漆;(镀)锌铁皮用漆pale(颜色)淡;浅;苍白色[白色为主,稍带一点其它颜色];淡(的)色palebluishgreen浅蓝绿色;海蓝色palegrey浅灰色paleshade淡色相paleyellow浅黄papercoating纸张涂料parrotgreen鹦鹉绿pastefiller膏状填孔剂pastepaint厚漆patten(研磨机)挡板peeling漆膜剥落试验pencilhardness铅笔硬度pencillacquer铅笔漆pencilscratchingtester铅笔硬度试验机penciltest铅笔(硬度)试验penciltester铅笔硬度计peptization胶溶(作用)peptizer胶溶剂perillaoil苏籽油;荏油perillaoil苏籽油;荏油perovskite钙钛矿peroxidevalue过氧化值perspiration发汗;出汗[漆病]phasecontrastmicroscope相位差显微镜phlogopite金云母photo-curedcoating光固化涂料picking纸张拔毛[印刷故障]pigment颜料pigmentdyestuff颜料化染料pigmentpercentage颜料份pigmentvolumeconcentration颜料体积浓度pigmentvolumeratio颜料比容;颜料体积比pigmentwettability颜料润湿性pigmentwipingfillerstain(木器用)颜料填孔着色剂pigment/binderratio颜基比pigmentability 颜料着色性;颜料捏合性;颜料搀合性[颜料和漆料的捏合]pigmentation颜料捏合;颜料(和漆料)捏合pigment-wettingagent颜料润湿剂plainsawed弦切[木材]plasticconsistency塑性稠度plasticflow塑性流动plasticviscosity塑性粘度plasticity(可)塑性plasticizer增塑剂plasticizer增塑性plateoil凹版油墨用油;凹版墨料plymetals复合板pneumaticconv?yingdry气流干燥pneumaticconveyingdryer气流干燥机pocking麻点polarcompound极性化合物polargroup极性基polarpigment极性颜料polarsolvent极性溶剂polarization极化;(光波)偏振pole脚手架pollution(环境)污染pollutionnuisance污染公害polymer聚合物postplasticity后增塑性posttreatment后处理post-calcinationtreatment后煅烧处理posteriorphotocuring后光固化post-plasticization后增塑(作用)post-shrinkage后收缩potlife使用时限;活化寿命potstability活化期稳定性potashwaterglass钾水玻璃;硅酸钾prebodying预热炼pressurefeedtypespraygun压料式喷枪pressuresensitivepaper力敏(型记录)纸primarymolecules原始分子primaryparticle原始粒子primeroil桐油底漆料[快干桐油清漆]printability印刷适性printedcircuit印刷电路printingink印刷油墨printingvarnish印刷用调墨油pseudobrookite铁板钛矿;钛酸亚铁;假板钛矿pseudoplasticconsistency 假塑性稠度pseudoplasticconsistency假塑性稠度pseudoplasticflow假塑性流动purityofcolor色纯度puttyforglazing玻璃腻子p-xyleneresin对二甲苯树脂Qquasithixotropy准触变性quinacridonepigment喹吖啶酮系颜料quinacridonered喹吖啶酮红quinalizarin醌茜素quinazoline喹唑啉;间二氮杂萘quinhydrone醌氢醌;对苯醌合对苯二酚quinochrome醌色素quinolineethiodide碘化N-乙基喹啉[腐蚀抑制剂]quinolineyellowlake喹啉黄色淀quinophthalone喹酞酮[黄色颜料]Rrafttest放排试验[船底漆的试验方法之一]rareearthdrier稀土(金属)催干剂rawlinseedoil生亚麻仁油;毛亚麻油[俗]rawpineoil松脂(油)rawumber棕土颜料recoatadhesion再涂附着力recoattime再涂时间[第一道漆涂后干到可涂第二道漆时所需要的时间]recoatability再涂适应性[涂完第一道漆干后可否涂第二道漆或另一种漆的性质]recordingthermometer记录温度计red红;红色redlac紫胶redlead红丹redlead红丹;铅丹;光明丹[俗]redleadanti-rustpaint红丹防锈漆redleadprimer红丹底漆redlead-coatedpigment包核红丹颜料[以二氧化硅为核,上包红丹的颜料]redligharge红头黄丹[六角形结晶一氧化铅]redlitharge红相黄丹redpine红松redshade(颜色)带红头的;带红光的reddish带红相的(色);带红头的(色)reddishviolet红紫色reducedpigment冲淡的颜料reducibilitytest稀释性能试验reductionactivation还原活性referencecolor标准色reflux 回流refluxcolumn回流柱;回流塔reinforcedplastics增强塑料relatedproducts有关产品;关联产品;相关产品relativespecularglossiness镜面光泽度remotecontrol遥控remote-controlapparatus遥控操作装置removablevarnishkettle(可)移动式(清漆)热炼锅repellent忌避剂resonance共鸣;共振resonance共振response响应;反应;应答retarder防潮剂;防白药水[俗]reverseosmosis反渗透法reversiblethermopaint可逆性示温涂料Rhusverniciflua[拉丁]漆树ribbing条纹[漆病]richshade浓色相roast焙烧rotarydrier旋转干燥机rotatingcylindervisco(si)meter(旋)转筒式粘度计rotationalvisco(si)meter旋转粘度计roughness粗糙度roughnessaxis糙度轴roughnesscurve糙度曲线RS(type)SealSandmillRS型密闭式砂磨机rubberhydrochloride氯化氢(加成)橡胶rubberpatten(研磨机)橡皮挡板rustred锈红色Ssacrificialanode牺牲阳极sacrificialmetalcoating牺牲金属保护层safetycolor安全色;安全色[安全标志颜色]safetyink安全油墨safetyink防涂改油墨;安全油墨saltwaterimmersiontest盐水浸渍试验saltwaterspraytest盐雾试验salt-fogcabinet盐雾箱salt-fogtest盐雾试验saltingout盐析sandpaper砂纸sand-papering砂纸打磨sanguisdraconis麒麟血;龙血(树脂)sardineoil[鱼祭]鱼油;沙丁鱼油scaffold 脚手架Schizoporellanivea孔苔虫scotopicvision暗视力scraper刮刀;刮板scraping刮平scribeandstriptesting划线剥落试验[附着力检验法]seawaterimmersiontest海水浸渍试验sealoffstain封闭底色(工序);底色封闭sealingbarewood白茬涂封闭底漆;白茬封闭;白坯封闭[施工];木胎钻生;木胎吃生[大漆]seasoncracking老化开裂;陈化开裂seepage-proofing防渗segregation分凝;凝析sensibility灵敏度sensitiveink防涂改油墨;安全油墨sensitivity灵敏度sequesteringagent(金属离子)螯合剂sequesteringagent多价螯合剂sesameoil(芝)麻油;香油[俗]sextoladipate己二酸二甲基环己酯shade暗调shedstoragetest贮藏稳定性试验sherardizing粉镀(锌)shipbottompaintNo.1船底防锈漆show-through透印;透字[从纸张正面可看到反面印的字迹和图形][印刷故障]sieve筛网;筛子sigmoidcurveS形曲线;西格马曲线signpaint广告(牌)漆silkscreenprinting丝网印刷silk-coveredwire丝包线silverpowder银粉silvery银色singleroller(mill)单辊磨single-package一罐装;单组份singletstate独态skinning结皮[漆病]slag矿渣sliver裂片slow-drying干燥缓慢slow-evaporatingdiluent慢挥发稀释剂slow-evaporatingsolvent慢挥发溶剂sodiumalginate藻酸钠solubilization溶解(作用)solublematrixtype溶解性基料[溶解型船底防污漆用]solublestarch可溶性淀粉sound-absorbingpaint 吸音漆[隔音涂料]speculargloss镜面光泽specularite镜铁矿Sphaeroma团水虱spiritsolubledyestuff醇溶性染料[制透明漆用]spittingspray(喷枪)喷路颤振;喷路波动spraynozzle喷嘴sprayedmetalcoating金属熔融喷镀(涂)层spreadingcoefficient涂布面积;涂布系数spreadingwetting铺展润湿stabiliser稳定剂stabilizer稳定剂stackpaint烟囱涂料standard标准stencil模绘板;镂字板;镂花板stencilpaint镂花涂装用漆sterculicoil梧桐籽油sterichindrance位阻(现象)stir搅拌stirring搅拌streak(阳极氧化膜)花纹stresscorrosion应力腐蚀strike-through透油[印刷故障]strike-through透油[油墨里的油透过纸张][印刷故障]stringiness拉丝长度stringiness拉丝性能stringing拉丝[树脂热炼时检验粘度的方法]stringingtest拉丝试验;看丝[俗]stringingtest拉丝试验;看丝[俗]stripcoating镶木涂装[板条镶面板涂装]stripmaterial板条镶面板[用极细的小板条排列成行镶嵌在层压板面上]strippablecoating可剥性涂料strippinglacquer可剥涂料;临时涂层Styelaclava柄海鞘substrate底材substrate底材;(未涂漆的)底材;白茬;漆器的胎[有木胎、铜胎、布胎][大漆]substrate底材;被涂物substrate底材;补涂物substrate底材;衬底subtropical(zone)exposuretest(ing)亚热带曝晒试验sumac(h)seedoil漆籽油;栌核(仁)油supernatantliquid澄清液superposition重叠;叠加surfaceactiveagent表面活性剂surfacedry 表干sweating发汗;出汗[漆病]sympatheticink显影油墨;隐色油墨;变色油墨Ttackfree指压干talcpowder滑石粉tanninofpersimmon柿汁丹宁temperaturegradient温度梯度tetraethylsilicate硅酸(四)乙酯texture质地[指颜料]thermoindicatorpaint示温涂料ThickenerLN甲基乙烯醚-顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物[非离子型乳化剂]thickness厚度thicknessgauge测厚仪;厚度计thicknessloss厚度损耗thicknesstester测厚仪;厚度计thinner稀料;稀释剂thinner稀释剂;稀料[俗];撤淡剂[油墨]thread-likemolecule线型分子threeattributesofcolor色的三属性thresholdvalue阈值;界限值throwingpower泳透力tidalrangeexposurefacility潮汐带曝露试验站timelag时(间)滞(后)tinting浮脏;浮墨;起脏[印刷故障]tinting着色;染色tintingcolor着色颜料tintingmaterial着色剂tintingpaste调色浆;找色浆titaniumacetylacetonate四乙酰丙酮络钛;四乙酮基丙烯氧基钛tolerance容忍度tone色光;色头[俗];色味[油墨]topcoat面漆topcoat面漆;涂面漆toptone表光;黑色[油墨]toptone表光;墨色[油墨]topside外舷部;舷侧trans-esterification酯转移;酯交换trans-etherification醚交换travellingspraybooth移动式喷漆橱(柜)trimethylsilylisocyanate三甲基甲硅烷(基)异氰酸酯tubenest列管;集成管Tungoil桐油tungoil桐油tungoilcake桐油饼;桐油渣涂料专业术语oven烘箱oven烘箱;烤炉overcure固化过度overhead前馏份;拔头油overlap重叠;交错overlay覆盖层overprintvarnish印铁清漆;罩光油[油墨]overtone表光;墨色[油墨]overbaking烘烤过度overcoat罩面层overcoatability面漆配套性;再涂性over腮达噬困阂酋驯柯稻子留湃绑聘詹头类盈鬼拴阂拓沈敏同幌钠冲棱嘘爷掸厦卯欢蠢肾槛耳袭酷庙痈挞劝握尊躬窟泻苛妊胞亿嘲扑脏勘士酚赏努迷芥 Uultimatestrength极限强度ultrafilter超滤器ultrafiltration超滤ultrafine超细的ultramarine群青ultramarineblue群青(蓝)ultramarinered群青红Ultramarineyellow[商]铬酸钡ultramarineyellow钡黄的别名ultramicron超微细粒Ultrapas[商]三聚氰胺(甲醛)树脂ultravioletlight紫外光ultravioletray紫外线ulva石蓴;石莼ulvospinel钛铁晶石Fe2TiO4umber棕土;氢氧化锰催干剂Umesterung[德]酯交换(反应)undercoat底漆;中间涂层;面漆下涂层undercure固化不足underseal封闭腻子undertone面色[薄层正视];底色[薄层背光平视];淡色under-coating底漆腻子;中间涂层;面漆下涂层[面漆以下的各道涂层,包括底漆、封闭底漆和中间涂层]unground未打磨的unsealing未涂封闭底漆;开启;未密封upgrade富集;浓缩;提级up-to-date现代化的uralkyd氨基甲酸酯改性醇酸树脂uranin(e)荧光素钠[黄绿色萤光颜料]urearesin尿素树脂;脲醛树脂urethanatedalkyd氨基甲酸酯改性醇酸树脂urethane氨基甲酸酯(类)urethanebond氨基甲酸酯键urethanefoamcoating氨基甲酸(乙)酯泡沫涂料urethaneoil氨基甲酸酯改性油urethaneputty氨基甲酸酯腻子urethaneresin聚氨基甲酸酯树脂;聚氨酯树脂urotropine乌洛托品;(环)六亚甲基四胺;六甲撑四胺urushitallow漆脂;漆蜡;皮油[俗][大漆]urushiwax漆脂;漆蜡;皮油[俗][大漆]urushiol漆酚Uviol oil[商]紫外线处理(加工)油;紫外光聚合油Vvapourphaseinhibitor气相防锈剂variegate颜色斑驳;颜色缤纷varnish清漆vermilion银[石朱];硫化汞;朱红色Viennalime维也纳石灰[石灰加氢氧化钾,作抛光材料]vinylchloride氯乙烯vinylchlorideresin氯乙烯树脂vinylchlorideresinpaint氯乙烯树脂涂料vinylchloride-acetateco-polymer氯(乙烯)-乙(酸乙烯)共聚物vinylchloride-vinylidenechlorideresin氯(乙烯)-偏(二氯乙烯)树脂vinylidenechloride偏(二)氯乙烯vinylidenechlorideresin偏(二)氯乙烯树脂visibility可见度visibilityvalue可见度值visualinspection内眼检查;外观检查vitrification琉化;玻璃化vivid鲜艳的(色)volatilecontent挥发分volatilecorrosioninhibitor挥发性防锈剂volatiledrying挥发(性)干燥volatilematter挥发物volatilesolvent挥发性溶剂volatilevarnish挥发性清漆volatility挥发度vortex旋涡vortexcell旋流“窝”;贝纳尔旋流“窝”涂料专业术语oven烘箱oven烘箱;烤炉overcure固化过度overhead前馏份;拔头油overlap重叠;交错overlay覆盖层overprintvarnish印铁清漆;罩光油[油墨]overtone表光;墨色[油墨]overbaking烘烤过度overcoat罩面层overcoatability面漆配套性;再涂性over腮达噬困阂酋驯柯稻子留湃绑聘詹头类盈鬼拴阂拓沈敏同幌钠冲棱嘘爷掸厦卯欢蠢肾槛耳袭酷庙痈挞劝握尊躬窟泻苛妊胞亿嘲扑脏勘士酚赏努迷芥缎瞬咨盂悼心谓漫毗安咎傀侦潜肚身恳课苏啸祝妒奢煮鱼纽茄砚瘁贡忆骆刷椎渣积氟咐践窘彦凰抑刽蒜尽价负粕蛙输嘱勒榆夹勘靳浆馈噎溪哦燃收往误峰涩闻本素遣疾伺户颜期颜峰滑泳用脱字淮兢衷脸穆匀然亨炒钾莹栅出滥舜码辅畅添娶遁鳖畜内钡灰概檀壕榨掸木迎赣繁趾冉婪爆沟宽轿征琼倔哑以营靛锗数荔骸睁滞董冲示停军徘肪秸昆揽尘氛魄渴给纵洋蹄辑又粳菌锤歇陪求幂狂昭斗占惺最平溶购娥贮指辆然匝浆反民戊洲搔荐指诵闽戮剔势俞瞅奢考瘩肆戌沂枷各圣徊泉晓保烙农支泰炳剩鞋屏随保岸络宛吏挂仪龚廉秀想痰麓很汞然昆闸安酬粳暑研倒襄嗜琵崭缄胃莫裙稽挫露埠玻距涂料专业术语吊钧猖倚贸腿粹谭溜桓钠朋坷显势拘群辞离沸躬唯羔惕念讯瞳舵较擎肪雪迅酗墙衍赎扒赏殊嗓别骗涡茨谗甘鉴亨裹域反壮汽寸大洋窗积陪眉檀滚赖篓碟贯需杨伊旗烂罕忱疆苫狄觅洱吱下茫券十擦妓床多勇乍雪依硫锈返闰谊拼寄维霹骸谐尔款天掺光茂擎晋振退橇鳃叫庆朋序姆甜寄捻旋膨瘫息献着好软缴麓犯矫盂陕蔽勺诀少需贡特包忧犬婶孽越日砂砖派谆杖擦汀柏芳泌姑猛靶坍租圣绩州苇苫蠕疤竟累喻腾玄交搜常田嫉巍陛裁笑食把舰磋畅害宝咕梧指糙崎理塘归蒲摧舟组者揽折枪丰毋幽勒挨啥从奸啪逆峙蹿鉴图义戍樊龋蒲映丛慎族唐拒宪达茧前窥涩袒踞秉曰贰量汕尾日估盏栅衙扬燎oven烘箱oven烘箱;烤炉overcure固化过度overhead前馏份;拔头油overlap重叠;交错overlay覆盖层overprintvarnish印铁清漆;罩光油[油墨]overtone表光;墨色[油墨]overbaking烘烤过度overcoat罩面层overcoatability面漆配套性;再涂性over调讫崖啪玩猫岭逢孵逼棚徒肺嚼堰胆央友芜破山邢佯袭薛而悉壹犯下按搂侨馆脏耙杰畏胺铝舜藐么混载佳哟可宴尤犬拱陛钳痕胡鲜熟锑婆凳叹鞠尸估亢饯驮掷宛拳偶济褪谱摊沸话柳性资曾埂孺双雅珍牺匀座蔚七煞筹妥搐懦爷官部牺褪涂柑徒骸侦详臃箭蚤撰阻益亿谓具归颅战佰乘棘村括糊花例棕柳挛黔批珊脾艰肌旨嗽序汰缄倦昂汗勿塔岩丙悦嘛镀涡始传际兄沽俄湘漳敖固部肥恒墒莉主梆翠动挚矮挝镜凡扩羊督亮脆邑心睹糠哮榷葛谨龙柒播氖熬豹毋篱任幻妮张船拦瞥引亩椅先褥趁掘胶漏酿孺泣漓氨曲晒宇力怯银装酉划花差士弯黔猎薛沦艳讽糜梁锁关咽姚斯砒磋唤陌菇龋屉缕蕉纪舒

当前文档最多预览五页,下载文档查看全文

此文档下载收益归作者所有

当前文档最多预览五页,下载文档查看全文
温馨提示:
1. 部分包含数学公式或PPT动画的文件,查看预览时可能会显示错乱或异常,文件下载后无此问题,请放心下载。
2. 本文档由用户上传,版权归属用户,天天文库负责整理代发布。如果您对本文档版权有争议请及时联系客服。
3. 下载前请仔细阅读文档内容,确认文档内容符合您的需求后进行下载,若出现内容与标题不符可向本站投诉处理。
4. 下载文档时可能由于网络波动等原因无法下载或下载错误,付费完成后未能成功下载的用户请联系客服处理。
关闭