新闻文体的翻译

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新闻报刊文体翻译 新闻文体新闻文体的功用：-----toprovideinformation-----tomakeacomment新闻文体的分类:softnews-------娱乐性的hardnews------严肃性的新闻文体的惯用布局：-----标题（headline）-----导语（lead）-----正文（body）-----结语（conclusion） PoliticsandgovernmentDisastersCrimeandcourtsBusinessStrikes,demonstrationsanddisputesWarandterrorismEnvironmentCelebritiesSportsEntertainments 新闻报刊词汇特点多短小精悍的新闻词语-----以节省时间和篇幅ban—prohibitionwoo--topersuadeshock--astonishmentcut—reductionbar—preventmove—plan,decisionboost（rise,increase）clash（disagreement）deal（businessagreement）freeze（stabilization） 新闻报刊词汇特点报刊词汇特点1.新奇（novelty，eye－catching）夸张、典故、隐喻、俗语、生僻词造词：Derivationsupercrat(bureaucratinthehighestposition高级官员） moneywise(withregardtomoney在金钱方面）splitsville(thesituationwhereacoupleareabouttoenterthestateofholydivorce处在正式离婚边缘的夫妇）havesandhave-not（富人和穷人）anti-:反传统的，反…anticultureantihero -aid:救助，赞助Band-AidFashion-AidKurd-AidSport-Aid.–friendly:有助于…的，有利于…的，支持/同情的customer-friendly考虑客户需要的environment-friendlyLabor-friendly有利于环保的支持工党的 –ism:歧视ageismlookism–wise:讲到，在某方面，从某种观点看，至于strategywiseweatherwiserentwiseTimewise,I’vereachedtheageof70,butideawiseoroutlookwise,I’mstill50orless. b.Compositionthumbsuck安抚youthquake美国六十年代青年运动狂澜c.ClippingReaganomics:Reagan-economicsAmeritocracy:American-aristocracyattrified:attrition-atrophied长期消耗而萎缩的 d.Sense-shiftstreetwalk（towalkwithoutaneffortasifwindowshoppinginthestreet毫不费力地走过场）upper:astimulantdrug一种麻醉药throwaway:wasteful 2.Senseoftogetherness体育、军事、商业、科技、文学、娱乐Apackagedealisimpossibleoneachofthesefourbattlefields.Theintermezzobetweenthefirstandsecondsessionoftheconferencesteeringcommitteewasinanysenseunpredictable.ItisevenlesscertainthattheCongresswouldbackhiminashowdownwithMr.×. 3.Figureofspeech简约、趣味性、典故Wineswomanship妇女酗酒问题Entrepreneurs创业者发迹史Theliberals’goldenoldies自由派的金牌老朽们Tokyo’sOwnGangofFour日本的“四人帮” 大量使用新闻套语well-informedsource（消息灵通人士）nocomments（无可奉告）onthebrinkofabreakthrough（即将取得进展）accordingto…（eyewitness,APreports,sourcesconcerned,etc.）（据目击者，美联社，有关方面等）withguardedreserve（持审慎态度）onthebrinkofabreakthrough（即将取得进展）quotedassaying（citedassaying）（援引……的话说）inresponsetoallegationinTheNewYorkTimes（就《纽约时报》的提法发表评论）Notso,notyet（不置可否）preferrednottobeidentified（不愿透露姓名的） 使用缩略词,以节省篇幅TMD（TheaterMissileDefense）战区导弹防御biz（business)WB（worldbank）ISDN（IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork）综合业务数字网memo（memorandum）AIDS（AcquiredimmureDeficiencySyndrome）mod（modern），Lab（Labor）Lib（Liberal），nukes（nuclearweapons）heliport（helicopterairport）NATO（NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization）SALT（StrategicArmsLimitationTalks）限制战略武器会谈 unisexhijackJazznikEuromartMasscultblacketeeratobombshowdownknockoutZenmacho 男女共用劫持爵士乐迷欧洲共同市场大众文化黑市商人原子弹摊牌击败禅宗男子气概 新闻标题的结构１．短语作标题1.1中心词(headword)+后置修饰语（post-modifier）BillClintontoAppearonTV(TheNewYorkTimes)ClimbersSafeandWell(TheTimes)AlaskanOilforJapan?(TheTimes)１.2前置修饰语（premodifier）+中心词TheColorLines(InternationalHeraldTribune)译文：比尔．克林顿将在电视上露面（纽约时报）登山运动员安然无恙（泰晤时报）阿拉斯加的石油将供应日本（泰晤时报）肤色界限　（国际先驱导报） 新闻标题的结构2.句子作标题2.1完全句（completesentence）USBudgetCallsforDollarDevaluation(IHT)美国预算要求美元贬值ArafatWalksoutoftheJordanPeaceTalks阿拉法特退出约旦和谈2.2非完全句（incompletesentence）Whenpolicehidebehindtheshieldofthelaw警察用法律当盾牌的时候PekingtofiretestrockettoSouthPacific中国将向南平洋发射试验火箭 新闻英语标题的特点succinct,eyecatchingandnovel１．常常省略冠词，连词，助动词LivesJustBegunFellVictimtoAidsTheliveswhichhadjustbegunfellvictimtoAIDS译文：刚刚开始的生命便沦为艾滋病的牺牲品２．标点符号的运用常用逗号代替连词and例：UN,IraqTalkonRefugeeAid译文：联合国和伊拉克谈判援助难民问题常用冒号表示解释和引起读者注意；代替“be”例：ShoppersTellGorbachev:TheShelvesAreEmpty译文：购物群众告诉戈尔巴乔夫：货架空空 ChineseCooks:MastersatTurningTurnipintoFlower中国厨师技艺佳掌中萝卜雕成花破折号引出说话者WorldUnityagainstTerrorismNeeded–Blair布莱尔说：全世界需加强联合，共同反对恐怖主义 新闻英语标题的特点３．用一般现在时代替过去时用动词不定式代替将来时USannounceseconomicrestrictionsagainstYugoslavia.美国宣布对南斯拉夫实行经济制裁。ChineseleadertovisitIndia.中国领导人将出访印度。UShostagetobefreedinswap.美国人质将在人质交换中获释。 新闻英语标题的特点４．用过去分词表示省略被动句，现在分词表示进行时MilitaryAircraftMadeAvailableforEvacuation军用飞机用于疏散工作PetrolbombfoundoutsideConservativeClub保守党俱乐部外面发现一枚燃烧弹Sarajevoawaitingachangeofimage萨拉热窝在等待形象的改变 新闻英语标题的特点５．标题中的修辞１)头韵或尾韵Sterlingstrong英镑坚挺Hopesoftheweakandthemeek软弱者和胆小者的希望2)对比BestofTimes,WorstofTimes美好时代与艰难岁月 新闻英语标题的特点３）重复Spend,Spend,ReagantoStop花钱，花钱，里根必将住手4)俚语$10,000amanforAmericandogsofwarinYugoslavia美国雇佣兵到南斯拉夫卖命，一人１０，０００英镑５）新词StagflationinMoscow莫斯科面临滞涨问题６）比喻Slowlaneissafestoncurrencyissue在货币问题上，走慢车道最安全 37killedinItalianPlaneCrashMother,DaughterShareFulbrightYearThreeDeadAfterInhalingOvenGasMoscow’sFoodPricesSoaringUK’sOldestPersonDiesin115LargestChineseTradeDelegationtoVisitUSinNovDeposits,LoansRisinginHKJournalistFiredinSpyDebateYes,BigHarvest–ItBringsBigTroublesforFarmers 意一飞机坠毁三十七人遇难富布莱特奖揭晓母女同获年度奖炉灶煤气未关三人窒息死亡莫斯科食品价格暴涨英国第一寿星逝世享年115岁中国经贸代表团定于11月访美阵容强大规模空前香港储蓄与贷款节节攀升涉嫌间谍案纠纷记者被炒鱿鱼农作物喜丰收农场主苦担忧 Featuresofexpressions新闻词特点Expressionswithextendedmeanings(旧词新义)Formostlargeforeigncompanies,aChinesepresenceisonlyasmallpartofworldinvestment.presence=investmentAlso,confirmthataschooltrulyoffersthefullrangeofcoursesyou’llneedtocompleteyourdegreeatadistance,“Someinstitutionsgrosslyexaggeratetheironlinepresence”.presence=course WorkingforPresidentRonaldReagan,MrBushwasasilentandsubservientvicepresident,aformerrivalwhogavehimselfthetaskofprovinghisloyaltybystayinginthebackgroundandneverspeakingoutwhenhisbeliefsdifferedfromthoseofhisboss.InhisownWhiteHouse,MrBushisencouragingadifferentchemistrywiththemanwhohastakenhisplace.chemistry=relationship Polysemy(一词多义)Agenda1.动机；偏见hiddenagenda2.打算；计划privateagenda3.事情Myagendafortodaystartswillbecleaningoutthecellar. TheRepublicanPartyhaslostitsmind.Towinelections,apartyneedsvotes,obviously,andconstituencies.First,however,itneedsideas.In1994-1995,theRepublicanPartyhadafterlongstruggleadvancedacoherent,compellingsetofpoliticalideasexpressedinaspecificlegislativeagenda. Bottomline1.最终结算额，损益数字，利润额或亏损额AT&T’sincentivetobypassthelocalphonecompaniesderivesfromthebottomline:itmustpaylocalphonecompaniesabout50percentofitsrevenuesinso-called“accesscharges”tocompleteitslong-distancecall,overtheirlocalloops.2.总开支，全部花费，花费总数Thebottomlineisexpectedtoreachnearly2billiondollarswhenallthebillsarein,includingsome20millionforthepresidentialracealone. 3.底细，底牌，底线Whydidn'tyougivemethebottomlinerightaway?4.最根本的利益Whosebottomlineisyourinsurancecompanyconcernedabout?5.最重要或最基本想法，最终的目的There’salotofthingshappeningintheMiddleEast.ButthebottomlineistogetIraqoutofKuwait. TheformerWhiteHouseinternrepeatedlyimpliedthatshepossessedcompromisinginformationaboutClinton,whichwas,ifpublicized,liabletoharmhisre-electionforpresidency.Themanwasluredbyabargirltoanearbyhouseandsecretlyfilmedinacompromisingpositionwiththewoman.Thecommitteeruledthatitwasjustifiableforgovernmenttooutlawpornographicmagazinesandfilmsifitcouldshowthatthematerials“degraded”women,thuscompromisingtheirequality. 这名前白宫实习生多次暗示，她掌握着有损克林顿名誉的负面材料。该男子被一吧女诱骗到附近一所房子里。他与那女人在一起的时候，被人偷偷摄下了有损其形象的镜头。该委员会裁定，假如政府能证明这些色情刊物和电影“有辱”妇女人格，由此损害了她们的平等地位，那么政府查禁这些东西就是完全正当的。 Unemploymenthasstubbornlyrefusedtocontractformorethanadecade.CompanieswithabigstaffinBeijingfindthemselvessqueezedbetweenhighoperatingcostsandshrinkingbusiness.失业人数居高不下，已持续十多个年头了。在北京，员工队伍庞大的公司出现了运行成本高、业务量不断萎缩的局面，举步维艰。 Metonymy转喻Afigureofspeechthatmeansthesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanothercloselyassociatedwithit. SiliconValley:AmericanHi-techcenterinCaliforniaUncleSam:apersonAmericangovernment;anAmericanWashington:AmericangovernmentWhitehall:Britishgovernmentfatcat:TherichwhoarethemainsupportersofcampaignLangley:CIA Oncethepoliticalchaffisdustedaway,themini-debateoverBosniaisinstructive.BothBushandClintonweresayingthesamething.Bosnia:波黑战争 Synecdoche提喻法Synecdocheisakindofrhetoricaldevicewhichisthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart. ExamplesofSynecdocheDailybreadisinsufficientbread=foodLegscouldhardlykeepupwithtankslegs=soldiersonfootAllhandsondeckreturnedonashiphand=memberofthecrewonashipThebosspaidtheworkers$10perheadhead=personChinabeatsCanadaatcricketChina=theChineseteam EuphemismEuphemismisdefinedassubstitutionofmildorroundaboutexpressionforharshordirectone,thesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatsuggestssthunpleasant. ExamplesofEuphemismHairdresserbeauticianHeartattackheartconditionHousekeeperdomestichelpIndebtindifficultiesMademotionallydisturbedButchermeattechnologistDiepassaway/gotosleep/gotoheaven/departDismiss/sacklayoff/eastoutsuicidalattackone-waymission Oldtheseniorcitizensfeelingonesagegettingoninyearspastone’sprimetheagedthesecondchildhoodthesunsetyearspoornationsthethirdworld/thedevelopingnationstheunderdevelopednations 新闻导语的特点导语为新闻的第一句话，常见的两种导语:标签导语(labellead)－－没实质内容,有一定的格式例：Beijing,January1(Xinhua)---ThefollowingisthefulltextofThePeople’sDaily’sNewYearMessage:译文：新华社北京1月1日电,今天<<人民日报>>发表了新年祝词,全文如下:摘要导语(summarylead)－－说明该新闻的要点　　　　　　　（who，what,when,where,whyorhow）例：FouroutoffiveasylumseekersfloodingintoBritainarebogus,aSundayExpressinvestigationreveals.译文：＜＜星期日快报＞＞的一项调查披露，在大量涌入英国寻求避难的人中．４／５是冒充的． 新闻报刊句法特点扩展的简单句（extendedsimplesentence)定语、状语、同位语思路清晰、层次与重心About100firemenwereunabletopreventtheblazespreadingtobuildingbesidetheseven-storeyministry. 新闻正文的特点---句法层面(1)使用定语、状语、同位语、介词短语、分词短语等语言成分来扩展简单句-----为求得小篇幅，大容量Eyewitnessesgaveconflictingreportsaboutthenumberofpeopleinjuredintheblaze,whichfiremensuspectwascausedbyanelectricalfault.广泛使用直接引语间接引语-----增添真实性,生动性和客观性Onefiremansaidfourpeoplehadbeenrescuedfromtheministry,sufferingfromminorinjuries.“ThesethingsmayseemkindofMickeyMouse”,saysWilliam. 新闻正文的特点---句法层面(2)常用的句型：1.以第三人称叙述Ithasrecentlybeenbroughthometousthat.最近我们痛切感到Itaffordsnosmallsurprisetofindthat…..对于．．，我们惊讶不已Itcanbesafelysaidthat….我们有把握地讲Itcannotbedeniedthat…..无可否认Itwillbeseenfromthisthat…..由此可见 新闻正文的特点---句法层面(3)2.消息来源的常用句型Accordingtomilitarysources据军方人士称AccordingtothesourcesintheWhiteHouse据白宫人士称AsourceclosetothePentagonrevealed一位接近五角大楼的人士披露Foreignwireserviceswerequotedassaying援引外国通讯社的报道 新闻词的翻译技巧直译：忠实于原文内容，保留原文语言形式madcowdisease疯牛病Internetbar网吧dispositionaloptimismcomparisonshopsupersymmetryGulfWarSyndromebusinesstourismgoldengoalcommunitycaremagneticshiftheartman 生性乐观比较采购超对称性海湾战争综合症商务旅游金球社区照顾磁移位换心人 Bythetimewefinishedthecourse,severalsignificantpiecesofinformationwerealreadyinthedustbinofcyberspacehistory–whichisbeingwritteninnano-seconds.当我们完成课程时，好几条重要的信息就已被扔进了网络空间历史的垃圾堆里了—这一历史是以十亿分之一秒的速度来记录的。 Thatprocessmayalreadybebeginning,forJapan’ssurplushasbeentumblingfor20consecutivemonths,anditcouldendupwithsomethingthatafewyearsagowouldhavebeenregardedasmorefancifulthanaunicorn,aJapanesetradedeficit.这个过程可能已经开始，日本的贸易顺差20个月来连续下滑，其结果是产生贸易逆差–这种情况在几年前简直比虚幻的独角兽更令人难以想象。 Somestate-ownedrestaurantofferedslowandrudeservice,lessthanappetizingfoodandappallingtoilets.Peasantsnowsellvegetablesatmovingpricesdeterminedbytheirsupplyandtheircustomers’demand.有些国营饭馆通常上菜慢，服务差，饭菜糟，厕所脏。现在农民出售蔬菜，价格随行就市。 TheFrancophoneSummitofferedChiracgovernmentanopportunitytoprotectFrenchasaninternationallanguage,astatusitissteadilylosingtoEnglish.法语国家峰会时希拉克政府找到一个维护法语地位的机会。作为一种国际语言，法语的地位正日益受到英语的冲击。 意译：忠实于原文内容，形式上创新“TheChinesemarketisabottomlesspit”,saidthevisitingNikeCEOhereinShanghai.正在上海访问的耐克公司首席执行官说“上海的市场无限巨大。”Anadmixtureofwealth,rivalryandinstabilityhasmadetheMiddleEastabrimmingcauldronofthetrade,accountingforathirdoftheworld’sarmsdeals.中东地区的富庶，加上哪里的冲突和动荡，使得该地区军火生意十分火爆，占到世界武器交易的三分之一。 June’sWorldCupinSeoulisasecuritynightmareforJapanaswellasSouthKorea.ProfessorWangwasquotedassayingthathisproposalhaddiedabureaucraticdeath.六月份在首尔举办世界杯，其安全保卫工作不仅对韩国，而且对日本都构成了一个大难题。据王教授说，由于一些部门的官僚主义，结果这份建议提上去后便石沉大海。 社论指出，领导干部要讲政治。复旦大学学生会要求全校学生在餐厅文明用餐。Cadresshouldbepoliticallyaware.Thestudents’UnionofFudanUniversitycalledonallthestudentstodineinthecanteeninlinewiththerulesandregulations. Thenightsanddaysareperilouslybusyatemergencyroomseverywhere.Over-burdened,understaffedandpackedwithpatientssufferingminorailments,emergencyroomsthemselveshavebecomeprimevictimsoftheUShealthcareproblems.各地的急诊室紧张繁忙，昼夜不停，已经到了要被压垮的边缘。急诊室人手不够，工作超负荷，来看小毛病的人挤得满满的。美国的医疗保健问题不少，而首当其冲的就是急诊室。 释义或创新Walkman随身听Thethin,lightweightDiscmanletsyoucarryatunewithoutweighingyoudown.轻薄型CD随身听让音乐轻轻松松伴随你。Beingignorantoflawsandafraidofbeingexposedtothepublic,theyresortedtosettlingthematteroutofcourt.出于对法律的无知以及害怕公之于众，他们把这件事给私了了。 Clearorcloudyskiesmaycontinueforthenextweekinthecity.Thestockmarketisexpectedtobottomoutattheendofthismonth.Atleastsixpeoplewerekilledandeightothersinjuredinasix-carpileupasaresultofahead-oncollisionbetweenadeliverylorryandasportscardrivingonthewrongsideoftheroad.本市下周将保持晴间多云的天气。股市可望本月末进入触底反弹阶段。一厢式货车与一辆逆向行驶的赛车迎面相撞，致使6车发生连环追尾事故，造成至少6死8伤。 正反译法您先请Afteryou油漆未干Wetpaint乘客止步Crewonly打八折TwentypercentdiscountWhendivorcedfathersdonothavecustodyoftheirchildrenandhavelittletimetospendwiththem,disciplineisthelastthingtheywanttothinkabout.离婚后又对孩子无监护权的父亲们，难得有时间与自己的孩子相处，管教孩子是他们最不愿意去想的事。 Agrowingnumberofparentscomplainthatchildrennowadaysalwaysliveaheadoftheirsalaries.Theresearchfindthatyoungwomenareheadingforanearlygravethroughsmokingandlackofexercise.越来越多的父母抱怨，现在子女的生活开销总是大得令他们入不敷出。这项研究发现，由于抽烟和缺少运动，一些青年女性正踏上一条减寿之途。 转换–变词为句定语，动作含义，过长宾语TheheavycasualtiesfromheavyrainandstrongwindslashingthesouthcoastEnglandandWalesyesterdayincludefiveschoolgirlsand12men.昨天狂风暴雨肆虐英格兰南部沿海和威尔士地区，造成重大人员伤亡，其中包括五名女学生和十二名男子。 Eightyearsagotheblackwomanandwhitemanweremarried.Theyhavesurvivedtheirfamilies’shockanddisapprovalandthestaresandunwelcomecommentsofstrangers.这对夫妇是八年前结的婚，丈夫是白人，太太是黑人。双方家庭对此都感到震惊并加以反对；旁人也对他们侧目而视且非议纷纷。面对所有这一切，他俩顶住压力，挺了过来