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1、171Chapter5TheTranslator’sExertionofSubjectivity1725.1TheNecessityoftheTranslator’sExertionofSubjectivityToGuaranteetheSuccessfulAdvancementofTranslation（确保翻译工作的顺利进展）ToExtendtheLifeoftheOriginalWork（延长原作的生命）ToDisseminateCultures（传播文化）1735.2TheRequirementsfortheTranslator’sExertionofSubjectivityG
2、oodLanguageCompetenceCulturalBackgroundKnowledgeExtensiveKnowledgeEarnestDevotiontotheTask1745.3ManifestationsoftheTranslator’sExertionofSubjectivitySelectionoftheSLTComprehensionoftheSLTSelectionoftheTranslationStrategyDomesticationorforeignizationSelectionofLanguageFormFormalorinformal,written
3、orcolloquialReproductionoftheSLTintheTLTImprovementofTLT1755.4RestrictionsoftheTranslator’sExertionofSubjectivityThetranslatorcanmobilizehisdynamicroletofulfilltranslationtasks,butheorsheisrestrainedbysomefactorsatthesametime.Firstofall,thetranslatorisrestrainedbytheoriginalauthorandtheSLT.Secon
4、dly,thetranslatorislimitedbytheage,regionandenvironmentinwhichheorshelives.Thirdly,thetranslatorislimitedbytheTLTreaders.176Examples直等到两个半月以后，尸身为人在无意中发现时，那个狡猾强悍的煤矿工人，在辰谿与芷江两县交界处的土匪队伍中称小头脑，干打家劫舍捉肥羊的生涯已多日了。(沈从文)[原译]Twoandahalfmonthslater,hisbodywasaccidentallydiscovered;butbythenthetough,craftymin
5、erwasalreadyabanditchiefintheborderregionbetweenChenxiandZhijiang,lootingthevillagesandstealingfatsheep.“捉肥羊”inthedialectofthewestofHunan,meansthedeedofkidnappingtherichandextortingmoneyfromthem.177ExamplesItnowwrithedinconvulsionofpain,andwasaforcibletypeinitslittleframe,ofthemoralagonywhichHes
6、terPrynnehadbornethroughouttheday.(TheScarletLetter)[原译]她这时正在痛苦的痉挛中扭捩着，她小小的身体，成了海丝特·白兰当天所忍受过来的精神痛苦的一个强有力的模型。[改译]女婴正在痛苦中抽搐着，扭动着她那小小的身躯。这完全象征着海丝特·白兰在白天里所经受的一切精神痛苦。178Examples严复的译文（为什么这样译？）Itmaybesafelyassumedthat,twothousandyearsago,beforeCaesar(100B.C.44B.C.)setfootinSouthernBritain,thewholecount
7、rysidevisiblefromthewindowsoftheroominwhichIwrite,wasinwhatiscalled“thestateofnature”.赫胥黎独处一室之中，在英伦之南，背山而面野，槛外诸境，历历如在眼下。乃悬想两千年前，当罗马大将恺撒来到时，此间有何景物。计惟有天造草昧，人功未施。179Examples译文比较：选择译语的考虑Studiesservefordelight,forornamentand,fora
