unit3 computers知识精讲 人教实验版

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Unit3Computers知识精讲一.本周教学内容：Unit3Computers1.重点单词短语用法讲解2.课文难点句解析二.知识总结与归纳：单元内容简介：学习计算机的发展历史，了解计算机在人类生产生活中发挥的重要作用。三.重点讲解与归纳：1.…discusswhattheyhaveincommon.discuss:讨论discusssth.discussdoingsth.discuss+wh从句discuss+疑问词+不定式eg.Wediscussedthelatestnewsovertea.Theydiscussedgivingabigsurprisetoyou.Wearediscussingwhetherweshouldgiveyoutheexam.Theleadersarediscussinghowtodealwiththesituation.n.discussionhaveadiscussion讨论underdiscussion在讨论中incommon:共有，共享（在句中多作状语）common:1）普通的，常见的commonsense常识commonpeople老百姓acommonmistake常见错误2）共有的，公共的commonpoverty公共财产commoninterests公共利益3）incommon共有Thetwomenownthecompanyincommon.4）have…incommon（with）与……共有Theyhavenothingincommonwitheachother.havelittleincommonhavesomethingincommonhavealotincommon5）incommonwith…（=like…）Incommonwithmanyyoungpeople,Ilikemusic.辨析：common:“普通的，一般的”，符合或具有全体所共有的特征。usual：通常指所熟悉的东西或经常发生的事件的性质。e.g.Todayshecameatherusualtime.ordinary:侧重表示“外表平凡，平平常常，随时可以碰到”，着重平淡无奇。e.g.Heisanordinarylookingman.2.Usesomeofthefollowingexpressionsinyourdiscussion. following:下列的，接着的inthefollowingyear=inthenextyear=intheyearthatfollowsfollow:v.跟随，追随,听从followone’sadvice听从某人的劝告followtheexampleof…以……为榜样expression:表达，表情Herexpressionshowedthatshewasangry.express:v.表达expressoneself3.inmyopinion…以我的看法……inone’sopinion=intheopinionofsb.e.g.Intheopinionofmanypeople,thisisnotagoodplan.haveagood/bad/high/lowopinionof…=thinkwell/badly/highly/lowlyof…4.Ibeganonlyasacalculatingmachinein1642inFrance.calculate:vt.&vi.计算Ihaven’tcalculatethefinalscore.Thecomputercalculatesveryquickly.calculation:n.计算calculator:n.计算器5.IwasbuiltasanAnalyticalMachinebyCharlesBabbage.analytical:分析的analyze:v.分析analysis:n.分析6.Atthattimeitwasatechnologicalrevolution!technologicalrevolution:技术革命technological：adj.技术的technology:n.技术（总称）technique:n.某种技能，技巧7.…andbuilda“universalmachine”tosolveanymathematicalproblem.universal:普遍的，通用的,宇宙的,世界的Itisauniversaltruth.Englishisauniversallanguage.universe:n.宇宙solve:解决Theboysolvedthedifficultproblembyhimselfatlast.solution:n.8.PeoplethoughtIwassimple-mindeduntiltheydiscoveredIhad“artificialintelligence”.simple-minded:头脑简单的absent-minded心不在焉的open-minded没有偏见的narrow-minded心胸狭窄的single-minded一心一意的strong-minded意志坚强的weak-minded低能的，愚蠢的noble-minded思想高尚的discover：发现 辨析：discover:原来存在的东西后来被发现invent:发明原来不存在的东西discovery:n.intelligence：智力high/lowintelligenceintelligent:adj.有智力的，聪明的Adolphinisanintelligentanimal.9.Anyway,let’sgobacktomyhistory.anyway:无论如何（=anyhow）无论怎么样，这件事值得一试。Anyway,itisworthtrying.也许会下雨，但我们无论如何都要去。Itmayrain,butwewillgoanyway.10.Astheyearshavegoneby,Ihavebeenmadesmallerandsmaller.as在这里表示“随着”，是个连词。用with也有这个意思，但要注意with是个介词，后面不能加句子，所以可以表述成withtheyearsgoingby。goby:1）经过，过去（=pass）Timewentbyslowly.Don’tletthegoodchancegoby.2）依据……判断（=judgeby）Goingbythetrafficrule,thedrivershouldbepunished.拓展：goafter追求goagainst反对goover复习goout熄灭；出去gothrough遭受……goinfor从事，爱好11.MymemorybecamesolargethatIcouldn’tbelieveit!so…that:如此……以致于sothat:1）以致于，结果是2）为的是……（=inorderthat）12.Theygavemeafamilyconnectedbyanetwork.connect:连接1）connectAwith/toBThePanamaCanalconnectstheAtlanticwiththePacific.2）beconnectedwith与……有（亲戚）关系SheisconnectedwiththeGreens.connection:n.13.Sincethen,myfamilyandIhavebeenusedbybillionsofpeopletodealwithinformationandcommunicatewitheachother.sincethen:从那时起（现在完成时）fromthenon:一般过去时Sincethen,wehaven’tmeteachotheragain. Fromthenon,wedidn’tmeeteachotheragain.dealwith:1）处理,解决,安排Wemustdealwiththisproblemassoonaspossible.2）对待,对付,宾语是人Dealwithamanashedealswithyou.3）谈论，涉及Thebookdealswiththequestionsofmaths.［随堂练习］1.Tom,thehusband,likessports.Julia,thewife,likesbooks.Itseemsthattheyhavenothing___________.2.Twentyyears_______andherhairwasbeginningtoturngray.3.Hemadeaspeechattheconference,__________folkmusic.4.Tom很诚实从来不说谎。Tomis______________boythathenevertellsalie.Tomis______________boythathenevertellsalie.5.LastsummerItookacourseon________poisonousgases.A.howtodealwithB.whattodealwithC.howtobedealtwithD.whattobedealtwith【模拟试题】第一卷（三部分，共115分）第一部分：听力（略）第二部分：英语知识应用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题，满分15分）21.There'sintoday'spaper.A.interestingspecialnothingB.speciallyinterestingnothingC.nothingspecialinterestingD.nothingspeciallyinteresting22.Peoplearenotallowed___freelyatthemeetingandtheydon’tallowpeople________either.A.totalk;smokingB.totalk;tosmokeC.talking;smokingD.talking;tosmoke23.Whathehadsaidatthemeetingtrue.A.provesB.isprovedC.provedD.wasproved24.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethingsyoucanfindthemagain.A.whenB.whereC.thenD.there25.Thespeakerraisedhisvoice,butstillcouldn’tmakehimself______.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard26.Thegirl____ontheground_____tomethatshehad____thebookontheshelf.A.lying;lay;laidB.lay;lied;lainC.lie;lied;layD.lying;lied;laid27.Inthisforesttherearemoreorless15kindsofsnakes,___fiveareverydangerous.A.whichB.whereC.ofwhichD.inwhich28.Hasall______canbedone_______?A./;beendoneB./;doneC.that;doneD.that;beendone29.IfyouwanttovisittheGreatWall,Isuggest______nextfall. A.youtogoB.yougoC.togoD.go30.Peoplelikesports_____playerscompete_____prizes.A.inwhich,forB.where,forC.that,inD.when,to31.------Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!-----Oh,I’mterriblysorry,__________________.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnotice32.Everypossiblemeans____topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclean.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused33.Isthistheproblem_______theteacherexplainedlastweek?Choosethewronganswer:A.whichB.thatC./D.theone34.Wecan’tgoswimmingtoday,becausetheswimmingpoolis_________.A.underconstructionB.beingrepairedC.underrepairsD.repaired35.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_________.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted第二节：完形填空（共20小题，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。Onedayawealthyfamilywentonatriptothecountryside.Thefatherwantedto36hissonhow37peoplelive38theyspentadayandanightinthefarmofaverypoor39.Whentheygotbackfromtheirtripthefatheraskedhisson,“Mydearson,howwasthe40?”“Very41,Dad!”answeredtheboy.“Didyouseehowpoorpeoplelive?”thefatherasked.“Yeah!”answeredtheson.“Andwhatdidyoulearn?”askedthefather.Thesonanswered,“Isawthatwehaveadogathome,andtheyhavefour.Wehavea42thatreachestothemiddleofthegardenandtheyhaveacreek（小溪）thathasno43.Wehaveimportedlamps（进口灯具）inthegardenandtheyhavethe44.Ourpatio（天井）reachestothefrontyard,45theyhaveawholehorizon（旷野）.”Whenthelittleboywas46,hisfatherwasspeechless.Hisson47,“ThanksDad48showingmehow49weare!”Isn’tittruethatitalldepends50the51youlookatthings?Ifyouhavelove,friends,family,health,goodhumorandapositiveattitude（乐观的态度）52lifeyou’vegoteverything!Youcan’tbuy53ofthesethings,54stillyoucanhaveallthematerialpossessions（财富）youcanimagine,provisions（储备）forthefuture,etc.Butifyouarepoorofspirit,youhavenothing!Attitudeis55!Makeadecisiontohaveagood,positiveandproductiveattitude（积极，乐观，上进）everyday!36.A.showB.giveC.sendD.tell37.A.happyB.sorrowC.richD.poor38.A.thusB.soC.thereforeD.when39.A.houseB.homeC.familyD.room40.A.journeyB.tripC.stayD.travel41.A.badB.goodC.wellD.badly42.A.riverB.lakeC.canalD.pool43.A.endlessB.endingC.endD.ended44.A.sunB.starsC.planetD.electricitylight 45.A.yetB.howeverC.soD.though46.A.finishedB.finishingC.completedD.completing47.A.addingB.addedC.sayingD.said48.A.forB.ofC.withD.about49.A.poorB.richC.gladD.happy50.A.inB.onC.forD.about51.A.methodB.mannersC.wayD.means52.A.ofB.forC.towardsD.at53.A.nothingB.anyC.someD.everything54.A.thenB.butC.thoughD.so55.A.anythingB.nothingC.everythingD.something第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，满分40分）阅读下列短文，并做每篇后面的题。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能够回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。AJaneClark,fair-haired,blue-eyedandtoughassteel,hasjustwonthemostdifficultraceintheworld.Inseventeendaysshedroveadogteamandsledgeacross1,050milesoftheArcticCircleandthroughsomeofthemostdifficultlandintheworld.Inbitterwindsandsnow-stormsshedroveherdogsalongtheArctictrack,intemperaturesthatreached-38℃.WhenJanewasaskedhowshefeltaboutbeingthefirstwomanevertowintheraceshesaid,“Istillcannotbelieveit.”Shethenwentovertoinspectherthirteenwild-eyeddogs.DavidWilson,whocamesecondsaid,“Itsurehurtswhenayoungwomanisaheadofyou.Butitdoesn’thurtforlong.Shewasagoodwinner.”56.Whichofthefollowingbestgivesthemainideaofthisnewspaperarticle?A.Womanwinstheworld'stoughestrace!B.Womanfightsbitterwindsandsnow-storms!C.Womanwinsasledgeraceintheworld!D.WomandrivesadogteamacrosstheArctic!57.Whywastheraceconsideredtobeveryhard?A.Theracewasverylongandonaverynarrowtrack.B.Thepeopleracingonlyhaddogstopullthesledge.C.Thetripwaslongandhardandthetemperatureswerelow.D.Thepeopleracinghadtopullthesledgesontheirown.58.WhatwassospecialaboutJanewinningtherace?A.Nowomanhadeverwonthisraceinthepast.B.Herthirteendogswerewildanddifficulttocontrol.C.Shebroketherecordbytakingonlyseventeendaystocompletetherace.D.Thiswasthefirsttimeshehadtakenpartinthiskindofrace.59.HowdidDavidWilsonfeelabouttherace?A.Hehadanaccidentduringtheraceandthoughtitwasnotfair.B.HewassorrytolosebutthoughtitwasfairthatJanewontherace.C.Hethoughtthatitwasnotrighttoputmenandwomeninthesamerace.D.Hewasveryupsetbecausehethoughtthatheshouldhavewon.60.FromthetextweknowthatJanewas_________. A.afair-mindedgirlB.verytoughwithherdogsC.interestedinwomen’srightsD.averystrongpersonBTheThreeGorgesDam（三峡大坝）isnotonlythelargestdambutalsothelargestengineeringproject（工程项目）ontheearth.ItaimstocontrolthefloodsbroughtbytheYangtzeRiver,andtoproducepower（电力）of181,200megawatts（兆瓦）forEasternandCentralChina.Itwillformahuge,deepwaterlake,andmakeitpossiblefor10,000-tonoceaning-goingshipstogostraightfromShanghaitoChongqing,makingitoneoftheworld’slargestinlandports（港口）.Thedamwillbeabout6,860feetwideand611feethigh,ataplacecalledSandoupingnearYichangwhenitisfinishedin2009.Itisclearthatsuchagreatprojectwilldomuchgood.However,somescientistsdon’tagree.Theysaythatitwillaffecttheecological（生态的）environmentoftheYangtzeRiver,theriverbedwillbecomeworsebecauseofthesandfromupstream（上游）,andalsotheremaybeearthquakesintheThreeGorgesareawhenthedambeginstoholdwater.61.Wheredoesthedamlie？A.NearChongqing.B.InYichang.C.NearChengdu.D.InSandouping.62.Scientistsdon’tfearthat_______whenthedamisbuilt.A.theecologicalbalancewillbedestroyedB.theriverbedwillbecomesandbedC.therewillbeearthquakesD.theYangtzeRivermaybetoocrowded63.Whichisnottrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Chongqingwillbecomeoneofthelargestinlandports.B.ChinawillbeabletodependontheYangtzeRiverforelectricity.C.Thedamwillbringseriouspollution.D.Thedamwilltame（驯服）theYangtzeRiver.64.Whichofthefollowingisn’tmentionedinthispassage？A.Somelowplaceswillbecomealakeinthedamarea.B.Theriverinthedamareawillbecomewilder.C.Giant（巨大的）ocean-goingshipscannotreachChongqinguntilnow.D.Somespecies（物种）maydisappearthere.CAllovertheworldpeopleenjoysports.Sportshelptokeeppeoplehealthy,happyandhelpthemtolivelonger.Sportschangewiththeseason.Peopleplaydifferentgamesinwinterandsummer.Gamesandsportsoftengrowoutofpeople’sworkandeverydayactivities.TheArabsusehorsesorcamelsinmuchoftheireverydaylife;theyusethemintheirsports,too.Somesportsaresointerestingthatpeopleeverywheregoinforthem.Football,forexample,has spreadaroundtheworld.Swimmingispopularinallcountriesneartheseaorinthosewithmanyrivers.Somesportsorgamesgobacktothousandsofyears,likerunningorjumping.Chineseboxing,forexample,hasaverylonghistory.Butbasketballandvolleyballarerathernew.Neitheroneisahundredyearsoldyet.Peopleareinventingnewsportsorgamesallthetime.Peoplefromdifferentcountriesmaynotbeabletounderstandeachother,butafteragametheyoftenbecomegoodfriends.Sportshelptotrainaperson’scharacter（性格）.Onelearnstofighthardbutfightfair,towinwithoutprideandtolosewithgrace（体面）.65.Accordingtothispassageweknowthat_____.A.peoplebegantoplayaboutonehundredyearsagoB.about100yearsagopeopleranorjumpedwhentheyplayedC.basketballhasalongerhistorythanvolleyballD.notallthegameshavealonghistory66.Thewriterdidn’ttellusinthispassagethat_____.A.basketballwasinventedinAmericaB.sportschangewiththeseasonC.gamesandsportsoftengrowoutofpeople’sworkandeverydayactivitiesD.footballisplayedallovertheworld67.Peopleallovertheworldenjoysportsbecause_____.A.sportsareinterestingB.sportshelptokeeppeoplehealthy,happyandtolivelongerC.sportshelptotrainone’scharacterD.alloftheabove68.Fromthispassagewecanseethat_____.A.sportsandgamesareunimportantthingsthatpeopledoB.sportsandgamesshouldbetreated（对待）onlyasamusement（娱乐活动）C.sportsandgamesareonlyusefultotheoldD.noneoftheaboveistrueDTodayalmosteveryoneknowscomputersandtheInternet.IfIaskyou“Whatisthemostimportantinyourlife?”,maybeyouwillsay“ComputersandtheInternet.”Thefirstcomputerwasmadein1946.Itwasverybigbutitworkedslowly.Todaycomputersaregettingsmallerandsmaller.Buttheyworkfasterandfaster.Whatcancomputersdo?Awriterhassaid,“Peoplecan’tlivewithoutcomputerstoday.”TheInternetcamealittlelaterthancomputers.Itisabouttwenty-fiveyearslaterthancomputers.Butnowitcanbefoundalmosteverywhere.Wecanuseittoreadbooks,writeletters,doshopping,playgamesormakefriends.ManystudentsliketheInternetverymuch.TheyoftengointotheInternetassoonastheyarefree.TheymakefriendsontheInternetandmaybetheyhaveneverseenthesefriends.Theydon’tknowtheirrealnames,ages,andevensex（性别）.Theyaresointerestedinmakingthe“unrealfriends”thattheycan’tputtheirheartsintostudy.Manyofthemcan’tcatchupwithothersonmanysubjectsbecauseofthat.WecanusecomputersandtheInternettolearnmoreabouttheworld.Butatthesametime,we shouldrememberthatnotallthethingscanbedonebycomputersandtheInternet.69.TheInternetcannotbeusedfor____.A.studyingB.shoppingC.thinkingD.playing70.Whenthecomputerwasinvented,itwas____.A.largeandworkedquicklyB.smallandworkedslowlyC.largebutworkedslowlyD.smallbutworkedquickly71.TheInternetwasborninabout____.A.1960B.1970C.1980D.198572.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.FewstudentslikegoingintotheInternet.B.StudentsusetheInternettomake“unrealfriends”.C.These“unrealfriends”oftenmeeteachother.D.StudentsknowthefriendsontheInternetverywell.73.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheInternet?A.Itiswonderful.B.Itcanmakestudentsstudyharder.C.Itisnotgoodforstudents.D.Itishelpful,butwecan’tdoeverythingonit.EThe29thOlympicGameswillbeheldinourcountryin2008.Asagreatmanypeoplewillvisitourcountry,thegovernmentwillbuildnewhotels,hugestadiums,andfinenewswimmingpools.Theywillalsobuildnewroads.Thegameswillbeheldjustoutsidethecapitalandthewholeareawillbecalled“OlympicCity”.Theworkerswillbuildarailwayandsomenewroadsbytheendof2005.Thefinemodernbuildingshavebeendesignedbythebestdesigners.EveryoneinthecapitalispreparinghimselffortheOlympicGamesbylearningEnglish.Wewillbeverygladtoseethenewbuildingsgoup.WeareveryexcitedandlookingforwardtotheOlympicGamesbecausetheyhaveneverbeenheldinourcountrybefore.74.Becauseofthe29thOlympicGames,_______.A.alotofnewbuildingshavebeenfinishedB.thousandsofpeoplevisitedourcountry.C.manynewroadsandarailwayhavebeenbuiltD.alotofnewbuildingshavebeenplanned75.Accordingtothepassage,everyoneinthecapital_______fortheOlympicGames.A.isbusybuildingroadsB.isstudyingEnglishC.designingbuildingsD.ishavingsportsandgames第二卷（共35分）第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节：短文改错（共10小题满分10分）此题要求改正所给短文中的错误，对标有题号的每一行做出判断；如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词：在错的词下划一条横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。WhenWorldWarIIbrokeout,Disneyjoinedin76.___________ theRedCross（红十字会）andwenttoFrance,there77.__________hestayeduntilthewarover.Afterthewar,he78.___________returnedKansastoworkforacompany79.___________wheremadefairystorycartoons.Thiswas80.___________thekindofworkhelikebest.Hedeterminedto81.___________findbetterwaysofmakingthecartoonsmoving82.___________sothatthecartooncharacters（卡通人物）willseemalive.83.__________Laterhejoinedhiselderbrother,Roy,inHollywood,84.___________California.Theretheysoonputuptheirowncompany.85.___________第二节：书面表达（满分25分）下面是小军和父母在动物园野餐时发生的事情。请根据下面的几幅图画写一篇短文。注意：1.文章要包括图画内容，且故事连贯；2.词数：120左右。（参考词汇：eatup;notice;cage;zookeeper;ashamed） [参考答案]http://www.DearEDU.com听力部分（略）单项填空21—25DBCBD26—30DCDBA31—35BCDBD完形填空36—40ADBCB41—45BDCBA46—50ABAAB51—55CCBBC阅读理解56—75ACABDDDCDDADDCCBBDDB短文改错76.去in77.there→where78.over前加was79.returned后加to80.where→which/that81.like→liked82.moving→move83.will→would84.√85.put→set书面表达Oneday,XiaoJun,togetherwithhisparents,wenttothezooandhadapicnicthere.Heatesomuchthathecouldn’teatuphisbread.Heaskedhismotherwhetherhecouldthrowitaway.Motherpointedatthenotice,whichreads“Nolittering!”,anddidn’tagreewithhim.SuddenlyXiaoJunhadanidea.“Whynotgivethebreadtothemonkeys?”Motheragreedwithasmile.Justatthatmoment,thezookeepercameoverandtoldXiaoJunnottothrowthefoodtotheanimalsinthecage,becausetheymightfallillaftereatingthefood.XiaoJunfeltashamed.Hereallyhadalessoninthezoo.Andsodidhisparents.