商业银行风险管理分析的过程【外文翻译】

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1、外文文献翻译译文一、外文原文原文：CommercialBankRiskManagement:anAnalysisoftheProcessWhatTypeofRiskIsBeingConsidered?Commercialbanksareintheriskbusiness.Intheprocessofprovidingfinancialservices,theyassumevariouskindsoffinancialrisks.Overthelastdecadeourunderstandingoftheplaceofcommercialbankswithinthefi

2、nancialsectorhasimprovedsubstantially.Overthistime,muchhasbeenwrittenontheroleofcommercialbanksinthefinancialsector,bothintheacademicliteratureandinthefinancialpress.Theseargumentswillbeneitherreviewednorenumeratedhere.Sufficeittosaythatmarketparticipantsseektheservicesofthesefinanciali

3、nstitutionsbecauseoftheirabilitytoprovidemarketknowledge,transactionefficiencyandfundingcapability.Inperformingtheserolestheygenerallyactasaprincipalinthetransaction,Assuch,theyusetheirownbalancesheettofacilitatethetransactionandtoabsorbtherisksassociatedwithit.Tobesure,thereareactiviti

4、esperformedbybankingfirmswhichdonothavedirectbalancesheetimplications.Theseservicesincludeagencyandadvisoryactivitiessuchas(i)trustandinvestmentmanagement,(ii)privateandpublicplacementsthrough"bestefforts"orfacilitatingcontracts,(iii)standardunderwritingthroughSection20Subsidiariesofthe

5、holdingcompany,or(iv)thepackaging,securitizing,distributingandservicingofloansintheareasofconsumerandrealestatedebtprimarily.Theseitemsareabsentfromthetraditionalfinancialstatementbecausethelatterrelyongenerallyacceptedaccountingproceduresratherthanatrueeconomicbalancesheet.Nonetheless,

6、theoverwhelmingmajorityoftherisksfacingthebankingfirmisinon-balance-sheetbusinesses.Itisinthisareathatthediscussionofriskmanagementandthenecessaryproceduresforriskmanagementandcontrolhascentered.Accordingly,itisherethatourreviewofriskmanagementprocedureswillconcentrate.WhatKindsOfRisksA

7、reBeingAbsorbed?Theriskscontainedinthebank'sprincipalactivities,i.e.,thoseinvolvingitsownbalancesheetanditsbasicbusinessoflendingandborrowing,arenotallbornebythebankitself.Inmanyinstancestheinstitutionwilleliminateormitigatethefinancialriskassociatedwithatransactionbyproperbusi