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1、WhenitcomestoEuropeanCulturewemustspeakofCreekculture.WecansaywithoutCreekculturewithoutAncientEuropeanculture.WhatarethemajorelementsinEuropeanculture?Europeancultureismadeupofmanyelementswhichhavegonethroughchangesoverthecenturies:Twooftheseelementsareconsideredtobemoreenduringandtheyare:theGr
2、eco-Romanelement,andtheJudeo-Christianelement.SocialStructureGreeceintheArchaicPeriodwasmadeupfromindependentstates,calledPolis,orcitystate.ThepolisofAthensincludedabout2,500sqkilometresofterritory,butotherPoliswithsmallerareasof250sqkilometres.GreekSocietywasmainlybrokenupbetweenFreepeopleandSl
3、aves,whowereownedbythefreepeople.Slaveswereusedasservantsandlabourers,withoutanylegalrights.Sometimestheslaveswereprisonersofwarorboughtfromforeignslavetraders.Althoughmanyslaveslivedcloselywiththeirowners,fewwereskilledcraftsmenandevenfewerwerepaid.AsAtheniansocietyevolved,freemenweredividedbet
4、weenCitizensandMetics.AcitizenwasbornwithAthenianparentsandwerethemostpowerfulgroup,thatcouldtakepartinthegovernmentofthePolis.AftercompulsoryserviceinthearmytheywereexpectedtobegovernmentofficialsandtakepartinJuryService.AmeticwasofforeignbirththathadmigratedtoAthens,toeithertradeorpracticeacra
5、ft.Ametichadtopaytaxesandsometimesrequiredtoserveinthearmy.However,theycouldneverachievefullrightsofaCitizen,neithercouldtheyownhousesorlandandwerenotallowedtospeakinlawcourts.Thesocialclassesappliedtomenonly,aswomenalltooktheirsocialandlegalstatusfromtheirhusbandortheirmalepartner.Womeninancien
6、tGreecewerenotpermittedtotakepartinpubliclife.GovernmentThemajorityofGreekstatesweregovernedbygroupsofrichlandowners,calledaristocrats.AthenianpowerintheArchaicPeriodwascontrolledbyAeropagus,orcouncil.TheirpoliciesweredeliveredthroughthreemagistratescalledArchons.Democracywasintroducedbyanaristo
7、crat,Cleisthenes.WhowasfromfamilyoftheAlcmaeonidsin508BC,after2yearsofcivilwar,theyusedthehelpofSpartanstosecurepower.TheancientGreekswereadeeplyreligiouspeople.Theyworshippedmanygodswhomtheybelievedappearedinhumanformandyet
