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1、发展性阅读障碍提纲什么是发展性阅读障碍发展性阅读障碍的简要历史回顾发展性阅读障碍的原因发展性阅读障碍的表现发展性阅读障碍的矫治中文发展性阅读障碍的表现中文发展性阅读障碍的鉴别什么是发展性阅读障碍1968WorldFederationofNeurology的定义：adisorderinchildrenwho,despiteconventionalclassroomexperience,failtoattainthelanguageskillsofreading,writingandspellingcommensuratewit
2、htheirintellectualabilities。几种基本定义CritchleyandCritchley（1978）：Developmentaldyslexia:Alearningdisabilitywhichinitiallyshowsitselfbydifficultyinlearningtoread,andlaterbyerraticspellingandbylackoffacilityinmanipulatingwrittenasopposedtospokenwords.Theconditioniscognit
3、iveinessence,andusuallygeneticallydetermined.Itisnotduetointellectualinadequacyortolackofsocio-culturalopportunity,ortofaultsinthetechniqueofteaching,ortoemotionalfactors,ortoanyknownstructuralbrain-defect.Itprobablyrepresentsaspecificmaturationaldefectwhichtendsto
4、lessenasthechildgrowsolder,andiscapableofconsiderableimprovement,especiallywhenappropriateremedialhelpisaffordedattheearliestopportunity.BDA提出的若干定义之一。Dyslexiais:Aspecificdifficultyinlearning,inoneormoreofreading,spellingandwrittenlanguagewhichmaybeaccompaniedbydiff
5、icultyinnumberwork,short-termmemory,sequencing,auditoryand/orvisualperception,andmotorskills.Itisparticularlyrelatedtomasteringandusingwrittenlanguage–alphabetic,numericandmusicalnotation.Inadditionorallanguageisoftenaffectedtosomedegree.OrtonDyslexiaSociety-Intern
6、ationalDyslexiaAssociation(IDA)(1994):Dyslexiaisoneofseveraldistinctlearningdisabilities.Itisaspecificlanguage-baseddisorderofconstitutionalorigincharacterizedbydifficultiesinsinglewordcoding,usuallyreflectinginsufficientphonologicalprocessingabilities.Thesedifficu
7、ltiesinsingleworddecodingareoftenunexpectedinrelationtoageandothercognitiveandacademicabilities;theyarenottheresultofgeneralizeddevelopmentaldisabilityorsensoryimpairment.Dyslexiaismanifestedbyvariabledifficultywithdifferentformsoflanguage,oftenincluding,inaddition
8、toproblemsofreading,aconspicuousproblemwithacquiringproficiencyinwritingandspelling.1.4.1低成就定义此定义用儿童与其所处年级或年龄之间阅读成绩上的差异来定义阅读障碍。如果儿童在标准阅读测验上的成绩低于所
