资源描述：
《跨文化交际 资料整理》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、·Enculturation文化习得:Theprocessoflearningone’sownculture·Acculturation文化适应:Adaptthecultureslearningbytheothercultures·VerbalInterculturalCommunication非言语行为:Peoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscommunicatewithotherpeoplethroughlanguage.·Socialculturalelements:①culturalvalues②worldview③soci
2、alorganization·globalization：①referstotheestablishmentofaworldeconomy,inwhichnationalbordersarebecominglessandlessimportantastransnationalcorporations,existingeverywhereandnowhere,dobusinessinaglobalmarket.②alsoreferstowhatiscalledtime-spacecompression.(theincreasingglobalmobilityofpeopl
3、e/theimpactofnewelectronicmediaonhumancommunication)·humanneeds:①physiological（fundamentalneed）②safty③thebelongingness(love,affection)④theesteem(respect)⑤self-actualization(reachone’spotential)·文化冰山理论（EdwardTHall）:Culturelikeanicebergcanbedividedintotwoparts:cultureabovethewaterlineandcu
4、lturebelowthewaterline.Cultureabovethewaterlineisexplicit,visible,tangible,easytochangewithtime,atipoftheiceberg.Culturebelowthewaterlineisimplicit,invisible,intangible,hardtochangewithtime,themajority.·culture:canbedefinedasthecoherent,learned,sharedviewofagroupofpeopleaboutlife’sconcer
5、nsthatrankswhatisimportant,furnishesattitudesaboutwhatthingsareappropriate,anddictatesbehavior.·languageandculture:①languagereflectstheenvironmentinwhichwelive.②reflectsculturalvalues③languagelives,itchangesovertime.④language–and-culturalisembeddedinculturalproducts,practices,perspective
6、s,communities,andpersons.language–and-culturalaretwosidesofthesamecoin,membersofthecultureusetheirlanguagetoportraytheirculture,toputtheirculturalperspectivesintopractice.Languageunitesproducts,practices,perspectives,communities,andpersons.·文化维度culturaldimensions(GeertHofstede):individua
7、lism-collectivism，uncertainyavoidance，powerdistance，masculinity-femininity，long-termvsshort-term.·communication:①元素：context,participants(affectingaspectsarerelationship,gender,culture),messages(meaning,symbols,encodinganddecoding),channels(soundandsight),noise(external,in
