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1、Linguisticsandpoetics(selections) RomanJakobsonIhavebeenaskedforsummaryremarksaboutpoeticsinitsrelationtolinguistics.Poeticsdealsprimarilywiththequestion,Whatmakesaverbalmessageaworkofart?Becausethemainsubjectofpoeticsisthedifferentiaspecifica[specificdifferences]
2、ofverbalartinrelationtootherartsandinrelationtootherkindsofverbalbehavior,poeticsisentitledtotheleadingplaceinliterarystudies.Poeticsdealswithproblemsofverbalstructure,justastheanalysisofpaintingisconcernedwithpictorialstructure.Sincelinguisticsistheglobalscienceo
3、fverbalstructure,poeticsmayberegardedasanintegralpartoflinguistics.Argumentsagainstsuchaclaimmustbethoroughlydiscussed.Itisevidentthatmanydevicesstudiedbypoeticsarenotconfinedtoverbalart.WecanrefertothepossibilityoftransposingWutheringHeightsintoamotionpicture,med
4、ievallegendsintofrescoesandminiatures,orL’aprés-midid’unfauneintomusic,ballet,andgraphicart.HoweverludicrousmayappeartheideaoftheIliadandOdysseyincomics,certainstructuralfeaturesoftheirplotarepreserveddespitethedisappearanceoftheirverbalshape.ThequestionwhetherBla
5、ke’sillustrationstotheDivinaCommediaareorarenotadequateisaproofthatdifferentartsarecomparable.Theproblemsofbaroqueoranyotherhistoricalstyletransgresstheframeofasingleart.Whenhandlingthesurrealisticmetaphor,wecouldhardlypassbyMaxErnst’spicturesorLuisBuñuel’sfilms,T
6、heAndalusianDogandTheGoldenAge.Inshort,manypoeticfeaturesbelongnotonlytothescienceoflanguagebuttothewholetheoryofsigns,thatis,togeneralsemiotics.Thisstatement,however,isvalidnotonlyforverbalartbutalsoforallvarietiesoflanguagesincelanguagesharesmanypropertieswithso
7、meothersystemsofsignsorevenwithallofthem(pansemioticfeatures).Likewiseasecondobjectioncontainsnothingthatwouldbespecificforliterature:thequestionofrelationsbetweenthewordandtheworldconcernsnotonlyverbalartbutactuallyallkindsofdiscourse.Linguisticsislikelytoexplore
8、allpossibleproblemsofrelationbetweendiscourseandthe‘universeofdiscourse’:whatofthisuniverseisverbalizedbyagivendiscourseandhowisitverbalized.Thetruthval
