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1、Unit1Scienceisakindofknowledgewhichisaveryusefultoolinsolvingthetechnicalproblemsofindustry,agriculture,warfare（战争冲突）,andmedicine.Tounderstandthewidthanddepthtowhichsciencecanbeappliedtothematerial（实质性的）andspiritual（精神的心灵的）problemsthatconfrontindividualsandnationsrequiresanunderstan
2、dingofwhatsciencereallyis.ThewordsciencecomestousfromaLatinword,scire,whichmeans“toknow”.Then,inabroadsense（广义上讲）,scienceissimplywhatweknow,thetotalofallhumanknowledge.Butthedefinitionofscienceasallhumanknowledgewouldnotbeaworkable（切实可行的）one,foritisobviousthattherearedifferenttypeso
3、fknowledge.Thekindsdifferaccordingtohowtheknowledgewasobtained,andalsoaccordingtowhatframeofexperienceitfits.Whatweknowofthearts,literature,law,religion,andtechnicalknow-how,aremoreorlessseparatefundsofknowledge.Theyhavelittletodowithwhatwecommonlycallscience.Scienceisalsocallednatu
4、ralsciencetodistinguishitfromotherbranchesoflearning.Scienceisconcernedwithnature,thatis,withknowledgeofthecharacteristicsandoperationsofanyandallnaturalthingsandhappenings.Scienceembracesallofnature,andexpressesourbestideasofhownaturalphenomenaarerelatedtoeachotherandaretobeformedi
5、ntowhatiscalledtheuniverse.Sciencehasmanycharacteristics,andtounderstandwhatscienceisrequiresadetailedexaminationofthesepropertiesandpeculiarities.Anumberofwritershaveassertedthatscienceisreallyonlyamethod—thescientificmethod.Suchadefinitionisanoversimplification,butitiscertainthatt
6、hesciencemethodplaysanimportantroleindeterminingthenatureofscientificknowledge.Unit3Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimishardlybelievable.Itisalmostimpossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Justthinkwhatfuntheyoftenprovide!Imaginewhatabusandrailwaystatio
7、nwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements?Wouldyouenjoygazinghelplesslyatabankwallwhilewaitingforabusortrain?Wouldyouliketoreadadailypaperclosely-printedwithcolumnsofnews?Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwallornewspaper.Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesaposit
8、ivecontributiontoou
