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1、第四讲：直译与意译Literaltranslation&FreetranslationLiteraltranslationLiteraltranslation:Inthecourseoftranslation,notaltertheoriginalsentencepattern,structure,image,figuresofspeech.Ittakessentencesasitsbasicunitsandtakesthewholetextintoconsideration.Itstrivestoreproduc
2、eboththeideologicalcontentandthestyleoftheoriginalworks.Thetranslationshouldbesmooth,naturalandacceptable.直译是指翻译时要尽量保持原作的语言形式，包括用词、句子结构、比喻手段等等，同时要求语言流畅易懂。FreetranslationFreetranslation:translatethecontent,withoutpayingattentiontotheformalcorrespondenceandthetr
3、anslationshouldbesmooth,naturalandacceptable.Itisasupplementarymeanstomainlyconveythingandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttruingtoreproduceitssentencepatternsorfiguresofspeech,images,etc.意译则从意义出发，只要求将原文大意表达出来，不注意细节，译文自然流畅即可。Compare---Itmeanskilling2birdswithonestone
4、.（1）这意味着一石二鸟。（2）这意味着一举两得。--Don’tdisplayyouraxeatluBan’sdoor./Don’tteachyourgrandmothertosuckeggs./Neveroffertoteachafishtoswim.---Thereisnopotsouglyitcan’tfindalid.1)再丑的罐儿也不愁配个盖儿。2）再丑的姑娘也不愁找不到婆家。----Don’tlockthestabledoorafterthehorsehasbeenstolen.不要等马被盗以后，才去锁
5、厩门。/不要贼走关门。-----Barbarawasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.芭芭拉是衔着银勺子出生的。/芭芭拉生长在富贵之家。-----Castpearlsbeforeswine.把珍珠扔到猪面前。/对牛弹琴。Examplesofliteraltranslationcrocodiletears/armedtotheteeth/chainreaction/gentlemen’sagreement/onecountry,twosystems鳄鱼的眼泪/武装到牙齿/连锁反应/君子协定
6、/一国两制Thethreereligionsandthenineschoolsofthought;papertiger；Breathone’slast；gotoone’sexternalrest；thelongsleep；seeMarx；gowest；gotoheaven；blowoutthecandles三教九流/纸老虎/断气/安息/长眠/见马克思/上西天/上天堂/吹灯拔蜡Translateliterally,ifpossible,or,appealtofreetranslation.如果有可能，就直译；否则就采
7、取意译。Literaltranslation---compensation(changetheimage,oraddexplanation)----freetranslationE.g.:--Youcantakeahorsetothewaterbutcannotmakeitdrink.不能强人所难(compensation)Whenapplyingliteraltranslation,iftheversionisnotacceptabletothereaders,orunreadableinexpression,w
8、emayadoptcompensationorfreetranslation.FormyfatherknewandIknowthatifyouonlydigenoughapasturecanbemadehere.直译：因为我父亲知道，我也知道，只要挖到一定程度，早晚总可以在这里辟出个牧场的。意译：因为我父亲知道，我也知道，功到自然成。ForKinoandJu
