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1、英语构词法1derivation词缀法2Compoundword复合词3conversion转类词4Onomatopoeia拟声法5byanalogy类推6bycontrast对比7Acronym(首字母缩略词)8clipping剪切法缩短法9blending混合法10backformation逆生法11Byborrowingwordsfromotherlanguages12Byaddingnewmeaningintoexistingwords13Translationloans译借词Sep201011d
2、erivation词缀法前缀法 后缀法22CompoundwordSoccermom(足球妈妈:郊区妇女,美选举中占相当大的投票者)ThemeparkFatfarm(减肥场所),Letterbomb(邮件爆炸物)Mailorder(邮购货物)Toysolider(地雷)Open-heartsurgery(体外循环心脏手术)33conversion转类词Suchas:名词转化为动词：handinone’spaper;totelephone;动词转化为名词:takealook,afind,acheat;形容词
3、语名词也可以转化，形容词也可以转化为动词等Toemptythebasket,amust44.Onomatopoeia拟声法Thewordscoinedinimitationofthesoundsassociatedwiththethingsnamedarecalledonomatopoeia(Echo-words).Suchas:cuckoo,coo,mew,ding-dong,band,tick-tackEcho-wordsareuniversalfeaturesinanylanguage.5发音与其所
4、指之间存在很多自然的相似关系，如世界各语言中的拟声词等。英语中有不少音素，与所表达的意义之间有之间联系，如：6Gr-；Fl-gr-表示一种沉闷而又令人不快的声音：groan呻吟,growl咆哮,gruff粗哑的,grumble抱怨,grunt咕哝,gruntle叽咕…fl-表示“闪烁，不稳定的光”：flame火焰，flamboyant火焰似的，flare闪耀，flash闪光，flicker闪烁7Onomatopoeia(拟声法）[,ɔnəmætə'pi:ə]英语与汉语有些词的发音惊人相似amorous(爱
5、慕)，back(背)，bawd(鸨)，cheat(欺骗)，cough(咳嗽)dawn(旦)，ditch(堤)，give(给)，murmur(喃喃)，palm(巴掌)rude(鲁莽)，shy(羞)记忆这些单词时可用联想法8de-；dis-；sn-；-umpde-,dis-表示“低，下，离去，否定”sn-表示与鼻音有关的词-ump表示“沉重碰击”：bump（碰撞）,clump（沉重脚步声）,dump（砰地一声）,lump（笨重地走）,stump（笨重地行走）,thump（重击声）…9Onomatopoeia(
6、拟声法）滴答，扑通，咚咚，布谷，鸡鸣，犬吠狮吼虎啸，CanyougivemoreexamplesinChinese?---------??10ThesoundofclockRinging,jingling,pealing,tolling,ding,clang,tinting,tintinnabulation,chiming,ding-a-ling,clink……111)StructureofOnomatopoeiaA).Monosyllabicwords:Suchas:crack,crash,rap,di
7、ng,dong,bangB).Reduplicatives(重叠词）Suchas:puff-puff,flick-flick,bow-bow,rat-tat-tat,hurdy-gurdy122)MeansofonomatopoeiaA).FromthesoundofhumanSuchas:giggle(吃吃地笑),Titter(嗤嗤地笑),Murmur(喃喃地说),Hiss(嘶嘶地说),13B).FromthesoundofanimalsApesgibberassesbrayBearsgrowlbeet
8、lesdroneBullsbellowcamelsgruntCatsmewducksquackEaglesscreamfliesbuzzFrogcroakgeesecackleGoatsbleathorsesneigh14FromthesoundofanimalsHensclucklarkswarbleLionsroarmagpiechatterMicesqueakowlshoot(screech)Pigeonspigssqu
