从Equivalence看奈达与卡特福德的翻译理论

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1、从Equivalence看奈达与卡特福德的翻译理论摘要：西方翻译理论的不断发展对中国翻译研究产生了深远的影响，奈达的动态对等翻译理论传入中国打破了严复“信达雅”一统翻译天下的局面，卡特福德的语言学翻译理论又从一个全新的角度阐释了翻译的实质，本文比较二者的翻译理论及各自对实践的指导意义。关键词：对等;形式;翻译理论Abstract:ThedevelopmentofwesterntranslationtheoryhaveagreatinfluenceuponChinesetranslationstudies.The“dynamicequivalence”ofNidachangedthesta

2、teofmonopolybytraditionalChinesetranslationofYanFu’s“faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance”.Inaddition,J.C.Catfordexplainedthenatureoftranslationinlinguisticangle,whichisnovelandscientific.Thearticlecomparesthetwotheoriesandtheirrespectivemeaningsintranslationpractice.Keywords:equivalence;form;t

3、ranslationtheoryIn1970s,AmericantranslationtheoristEugeneA.Nida’sbookTheTheoryandPracticeofTranslationwhichisbasedonTGGrammarwaspublished.ThetranslationprocessputforwardinthisbookhasadifferentanglewiththetraditionalChineseimpressiveandempiricaltranslationmethod.Besides,thetranslationmodeldescribe

4、dinthisbookmakestranslationaccessibletotechnicaloperationandthetranslationtheorydiscussedinthisbookalsosetsastandardandbasisfortranslationpractice.ItisbelievedthatNidahasmadegreatcontributiontotranslationpracticeinamorespecificandconcretewaywithhis“functionalequivalence”theory.Whilebycontrast,Cat

5、fordproclaimedthenatureoftranslationfromabstractlinguisticlevelandsolvedtheproblemofwhatistranslation.ALinguisticTheoryofTranslationbyCatfordrevealsthenatureoftranslationandtranslationequivalencefromanewanglebasedonsystematicfunctionalgrammar.1.EquivalenceinNidaandCatford’sexplanationNidaproposed

6、that“Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosetnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.”(Nida,12)Catfordsuggeststhat“Translationisthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguage(SL)byequivalenttextualmaterialinanotherlanguage(TL

7、)”(Catford,1965:20).Althoughtheymentionedthesameconcept“equivalent”，themeaningisdifferent.“Equivalent’inNida’sviewisonthemeaningandstylelevel.Translationistranslatingmeaningatthefirstplacetoreproduceinformationoftheori