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1、fredricjamesonGLOBALIZATIONANDPOLITICALSTRATEGYttemptstodefineglobalizationoftenseemlittlebetterthansomanyideologicalappropriationsdiscussionsnotoftheprocessitself,butofitseffects,goodorbad:judge-Aments,inotherwords,totalizinginnature;whilefunctionaldescriptionstendtoisol
2、ateparticularelementswithoutrelatingthemtoeachother.1Itmaybemoreproductive,then,tocombineallthedescrip-tionsandtotakeaninventoryoftheirambiguitiessomethingthatmeanstalkingasmuchaboutfantasiesandanxietiesasaboutthethingitself.Inwhatfollowswewillexplorethesefivedistinctlevel
3、sofglo-balization,withaviewtodemonstratingtheirultimatecohesionandtoarticulatingapoliticsofresistance:thetechnological,thepolitical,thecultural,theeconomic,thesocial,verymuchinthatorder.IOnecantalkaboutglobalization,forinstance,inpurelytechnologicalterms:thenewcommunicati
4、onstechnologyandtheinformationrevol-utioninnovationswhich,ofcourse,donotsimplyremainatthelevelofcommunicationinthenarrowsense,butalsohavetheirimpactonindustrialproductionandorganization,andonthemarketingofgoods.Mostcommentatorsseemtofeelthatthisdimensionofglobalization,at
5、least,isirreversible:aLudditepoliticsdoesnotseemtobeanoptionhere.Butthethemeremindsusofanurgentconsiderationinanydiscus-sionofglobalization:isitreallyinevitable?Canitsprocessesbestopped,divertedorreversed?Mightregions,evenwholecontinents,excludethenewleftreview4julaug2000
6、49forcesofglobalization,secede,ordelinkfromit?2Ouranswerstothesequestionswillhaveanimportantbearingonourstrategicconclusions.IIIndiscussionsofglobalizationatthepoliticallevel,onequestionhaspredominated:thatofthenation-state.Isitoveranddonewith,ordoesitstillhaveavitalrolet
7、oplay?Ifreportsofitsdemisearenaïve,whatthentomakeofglobalizationitself?Shouldit,perhaps,beunderstoodasmerelyonepressureamongmanyonnationalgovernmentsandsoon.Butlurkingbehindthesedebates,Ibelieve,isadeeperfear,amorefundamentalnarrativethoughtorfantasy.Forwhenwetalkaboutthe
8、spreadingpowerandinfluenceofglobalization,arentwereallyreferringtothespreadingeconomicandmilitary
