Chapter5 The Physical Self Development of the Brain, the Body, and Motor Sk

Chapter5 The Physical Self Development of the Brain, the Body, and Motor Sk

ID:43705954

大小:2.06 MB

页数:28页

时间:2019-10-13

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1、ThePhysicalSelf:DevelopmentoftheBrain,theBody,andMotorSkillsChapter5Dr.PelaezAnOverviewof Maturation&GrowthChangesinHeightandWeightBabiesgrowveryrapidlyduringthefirst2yearsDoublingtheirbirthweightby4to6monthsTriplingtheirweightbytheendofthefirstyearFromage2untilpube

2、rtychildrengainabout2to3inchesinheightand6to7poundsinweighteachyearPhysicalgrowthanddevelopmentareobviousatpuberty,whenadolescentsentera2to3year“growthspurt”FulladultstatureisattainedinthemidtolateteensAnOverviewof Maturation&GrowthChangesinBodyProportionsNewborn’sh

3、eadinalready70%ofitseventualadultsizeandrepresents¼oftotalbodylength,thesamefractionofthelegsDevelopmentalproceedsinacephalocaudaldirectionItisthetrunkthatgrowsfasterduringthefirstyearWhilechildrengrowupward,theyarealsogrowingoutwardaccordingtoaproximodistalformulaT

4、hroughoutinfancyandchildhood,thearmsandlegscontinuetogrowfasterthenthehandsandfeetAnOverviewof Maturation&GrowthSkeletalDevelopmentTheskeletalstructuresthatformduringtheprenatalperiodareinitiallysoftcartilagethatwillgraduallyhardenintobonymaterialSkullbonesaresepara

5、tedbysixsoftspots,orfontanelles,thataregraduallyfilledinbymineralstoformasingleskullbyage2SkeletalageresearchhasbeenusedtodeterminethatgirlsmaturefasterthenboysAtbirthgirlsareonly4to6weeksaheadofboysinskeletalmaturityByage12thegender“maturationgap”haswidenedto2fully

6、earsAnOverviewof Maturation&GrowthMuscularDevelopmentNeonatesarebornwithallthemusclefiberstheywilleverhaveAtbirth,muscletissueis35%water,anditaccountsfornomorethan18to24%ofababy’sbodyweightMusclefiberssoonbegintogrowasthecellularfluidinmuscletissueisbolsteredbythead

7、ditionofproteinandsaltsMusculardevelopmentproceedsincephalocaudalandproximodistaldirectionsAnOverviewof Maturation&GrowthMuscularDevelopmentMaturationofmuscletissuesoccursverygraduallyduringchildhoodandthenacceleratedduringearlyadolescenceBythemidtwenties,skeletalmu

8、scleaccountsfor40%ofthebodyweightforamanand24%ofthebodyweightforafemaleAnOverviewof Maturation&GrowthVariationsinPhysicalDevelopmentIndivi

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