【杜威】儿童与课程

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1、THECHILDANDCURRICULUMbyJohnDewey1902"THEUNIVERSITYOFCHICAGOPRESSTheR.W.B.JacksonILibraryOISELIBRARYTHEONTARiOINSTITUTECATIONFORSTUD'ETORONTOCADAAUG91356*V/"D5I1THECHILDANDTHECURRICULUMbyJohnDeweyTHEUNIVERSITYOFCHICAGOPRESSCHICAGO&LONDONTHEUNIVERSITYOFCHICAGOPRESS,CHICAGO&LONDONTheUniv

2、ersityofTorontoPress,Toronto5,CanadaCopyright1902byTheUniversityofChicago.Allrightsreserved.Published1902.Twenty-eighthImpression1966PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaTHECHILDANDTHECURRICULUMTHECHILDANDTHECURRICULUMTheChildandtheCurriculumProfounddifferencesintheoryarenevergratuitousor

3、invented.Theygrowoutofconflictingelementsinagenuineproblemaproblemwhichisgenuinejustbecausetheelements,takenastheystand,areconflicting.jAnysignificantprobleminvolvesconditionsthatforthemomentcontradicteachother.Solutioncomesonlybygettingawayfromthemeaningoftermsthatisalreadyfixedupona

4、ndcomingtoseetheconditionsfroman-TheChildandtheCurriculumotherofview,andhenceinafreshButthisreconpointlight.structionmeanstravailofthought.Easierthanthinkingwithsurrenderofalreadyformedideasanddetachmentfromfactsalreadylearnedistostickbywhatisaboutforjustalreadysaid,lookingsomethingwi

5、thwhichtobuttressitagainstattack.Thussectsarise:schoolsofopinion.Eachselectsthatsetofconditionsthatappealstoit;andthenerectsthemintoacompleteandindependenttruth,insteadoftreatingthemasafactorinaproblem,needingadjustment.Thefundamentalfactorsintheeducativeprocessareanimmature,undevelop

6、edbeing;andcertainsocialaims,meanings,valuesincarnateinthematuredexperienceoftheadult.Theeducativeprocessisthedueinteractionoftheseforces.Suchaconceptionofeachinrelationtotheotherasfacilitatescom-pletestandfreestinteractionistheessenceofeducationaltheory.>Butherecomestheeffortofthough

7、t.Itiseasiertoseetheconditionsintheirseparateness,toinsistupononeattheexpenseoftheother,tomakeantagonistsofthem,thantodiscoverarealitytowhicheachbelongs.Theeasythingistoseizeuponsomethinginthenatureofthechild,oruponsomethinginthedevelopedconsciousnessoftheadult,andinsistuponthatasthek

8、eytot