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1、定义题1.Whatis“interculturalcommunication”?P6refertocommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalbackgroundsaredistinctenoughtoaltertheircommunicationevent.TherearethreekindsofthingsyouneedtolearnifyouwanttobeabletocommunicateeffectivelywithWesterners.First,youneedtolearnaforeignlanguage,u
2、suallyEnglish.Second,youshouldlearnasmuchaspossibleaboutWesterncultures.However,studyingEnglishlanguageandWesterncultureisnotenough.Youshouldalsolearnsomethingaboutwhathappenswhenpeoplefromdifferentculturestrytocommunicatewitheachother—inotherwords,"interculturalcommunication."2.W
3、hatisaculture?P13Acultureisessentiallyagroupofpeoplewhocarrymanyofthesameideasintheirheads.Culture:canbeenseenassharedknowledge,whatpeopleneedtoknowinordertoactappropriatelyinagivenculture.Culture:alearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs,values,andnorms,whichaffectthebehavio
4、rofarelativelylargegroupofpeople3.Whatarestereotypes?P13Stereotypesmeansverybroadgeneralizationssuchas“Britishpeoplearepolite,”“Americansarefriendly”,andsoforth.Itisaderogatoryword.Itmeansthatimage,idea,characterthathasbecomefixedorstandardizedinaconventionalformwithoutindividuali
5、tyandisthereforefalseandshallow.Stereotypesmayhaveabasisinfact,buttheyaretoobroadandshallow,andtheygiveusthemistakenideathatapeople’sculturecanbesummedupeasilyinafewshort,simplestatements.Stereotypesarealsodangerousbecausetheymaytrickusintobelievingthatknowingafewstereotypesisthes
6、amethingasunderstandinganotherculture.4.Whatdoes“interpretation”means?P24Averyimportantaspectofinterculturalcommunicationis“interpretation”,theprocessofdecidingwhatforeigners’wordsandactionsmeanandwhytheydowhattheydo.Forexample,whenXiaoLitriestounderstandwhythetaxidriveraskedforso
7、muchmoney,sheis“interpreting”hisbehavior.5.Individualistp32Individualistcultureisoneinwhichpeopletendtoviewthemselvesasindividualsandemphasizetheneedsofindividuals.Ingeneral,Westernculturetendstobeindividualist.Theyviewthemselvesasindependentofcollectives;areprimarilymotivatedbyth
8、eirownpreferences,needs,rights,an
