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1、Unit5TheNightingaleandtheRoseTheAuthorTheWorksFairyTaleTheImageryTheAuthorPART1OscarWilde(1856-1900)OscarWildewasthesecondsonbornintoanAnglo-Irish(英裔爱尔兰人)family,atDublin.AfamousEnglishpoet,dramatistandwriter,EnglishLiteratureinthehistoryofaestheticmovement(唯美主义文艺思潮)andthefounderofon
2、eofthechiefadvocatesof“artforart‘ssake”,withautilitarianobject(功利主义的对象)tocolorliterature,thatliteratureshouldnotbe.Byanymoralstandarddisposable(可任意处理的).Heisalsothedecadent(颓废的)Britishliterature.Artforart’ssake（艺术至上主义）“Artforart’ssake”istheusualEnglishrendition(引渡)ofaFrenchslogan,fro
3、mtheearly19thcentury,“L’artpourl’art”，andexpressesaphilosophythattheintrinsic(本质的)valueofart,andtheonly“true”art,isdivorcedfromanydidactic(说教的),moralorutilitarian(功利主义的)function.Suchworksaresometimesdescribedas“autotelic”(本身具有目的的),fromtheGreekautotelic,fromtheGreekautoteles,“complet
4、einitself”(本身具有目的的自我完成),aconcept(观念)thathasbeenexpandedtoembrace(信奉)“inner—directed”(不随俗的)or“self—motivated”(自觉实践的)humanbeings.Wilde‘sfatherWilliamwasadoctorandrenownedphilanthropist(慈善家).Williamalsowrotebooksonarchaeology(考古学)andfolklore(民俗学),andhismotherJanewasasuccessfulwriter,po
5、etandalife-longIrishnationalist(民族独立主义者)bothhighqualityartsandculture,toexert(受到)animperceptible(难以察觉的)influenceonhisinspiration(灵感)inliteratureandarts.IntheOxfordUniversitystudent,OscarWildeinfluencedbyhisteacherRuskin,togetherwiththeirowntalentandbegantryingtocreate.InJune1855,the
6、familymovedtoMerrionSquareinafashionableresidentialarea(上流社会的住宅区),whereWilde‘ssister,Isola,wasborn.Oscarwaseducatedathomeuptotheageofnine.HeattendedPortoraRoyalSchool(普拉托皇家学校)inFermanaghfromtheagesofninetosixteen.AfterleavingPortora,WildestudiedclassicsatTrinityCollege(圣三一学院),from18
7、71to1874,sharingroomswithhisolderbrotherWilliefortwoyears.Hewasanoutstandingstudent,andwontheBerkeleyGoldMedal(伯克利金质奖章),thehighestawardavailabletoclassicsstudentsatTrinity.HewasawardedascholarshiptoMagdalenCollege(牛津大学的莫德林学院),wherehecontinuedhisstudiesfrom1874to1878andwherehebecamea
8、partoftheAestheticm
