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1、定语从句在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。连接先行词与定语从句的引导词叫关系词。Ilikemusicthatisquietandgentle.先行词关系词引导定语从句的的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。其中关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等.关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一定的句法成分。关系代词的选用比较复杂,它受下列条件制约:(1)先行词是指人还是指物;(2)关系词在从句中的句法功能;(3)定语从句是限定性的还是非限
2、定性的.关系代词的选用情况见下表:先行词在从句中的句法功能用于限定性或非限定性定语从句只用于限定性定语从句指人指物指人或指物主语whowhichthat宾语whowhichthat定语WhoseWhose(ofwhich)1.以上关系代词的常见基本用法中需要注意:that和which在从句中作主语时,不能省略,作宾语时,在口语和非正式文体中经常省略,whom也常可省略。1.Aplaneisamachinewhich(或that)canfly.(作主语,不可省略)2.Thegirl_____________________wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.(作
3、宾语,可省略)3.Thewatch_____________________Ibroughtlastyearhasbeenlost.(作宾语,可省略)4.Youaretheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.(作定语,不可省)whom(或that)which(或that)2.当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的数要和先行词一致。a.Thepeoplewho___sickarewaitforthedoctorinthewaitingroom.b.Thepersonwho___sickarewaitforthedoctorinthew
4、aitingroom.c.Ilikesongsthat____greatlyrics.d.Idon’tlikeasongthat___nosymusic.areishavehas关系词的选择（一）关系代词只能用that,而不能用其他关系代词：1.当先行词是all,much,little,none,theone或由no-,any-,every-构成的复合代词时；I’veexplainedeverything____Icantoyou.2.先行词被all,every,some,little,much,last,any,no,few,thevery,theonly等修饰时；Heisth
5、eonlyperson____Itrust.3.先行词是序数词或被序数词限定时；Jimisthefirststudent____getstoschooleveryday.thatthatthat4.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；Thisisthemostbeautifulcity____I’veeverbeento.5.先行词同时包含人和事物时；Thevisitorsspokehighlyofthechildrenandperformances____theysawatthechildrenPalace.6.或当主句是who或which开头的特殊问句时，为只了避免重复，习惯上多用t
6、hat.Whoistheperson____letoutthesecret?thatthatthat（二）关系代词不能用that情况1.在非限定性定语从句中，指物时只能用which,指人时只能用who,不能用that。a.Shewasnotonthetrain,whicharrivedjustnow.b.ThinkaboutStephenHawking,whoregardshismanyphysicalproblemsasunimportant.2.关系代词在定语从句中也作介词的宾语，如果介词被置于关系代词前，一般只用介词+which,或介词+whom,不用介词+that结构，如
7、果介词被置于从句句末，则可用that代替which或whom,且that这时可省去：Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.Thisistheringwhich(that)shespent1000dollarson.Oneofmyfriendswithwhomyouarefamiliariscomingtoday.Oneofmyfriendswhom(that)youarefamiliarwithiscomingtoday.（三）Who与w
