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ID:48818100
大小:189.50 KB
页数:13页
时间:2020-01-28
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1、SURFACESTRUCTURE&DEEPSTRUCTURETGtransformationalgenerativegrammar转换生成语法NoamChomskySyntacticStructures,1957表层结构就是我们看到的句子结构,比如说:花瓶被他打碎了。深层结构就是从这个句子中能找出来的以不同词为主体的叙述结构,比如上面那个句子的深层结构就是:他打碎花瓶了。就是说,一部分是“他打碎花瓶”,另一部分是“花瓶碎了”;一个是施事即他以及这个动作,一个是受事即花瓶的状态。这个用深层结构表示的句子经过删除、增加、移位等变化可以转化为
2、表层结构。DEEPSTRUCTUREistheabstractrepresentationofthesyntacticofaconclusion,i.e.theunderlyinglevelofstructuralrelationsbetweenitsdifferentconstituents.SURFACESTRUCTUREisthefinalstageinthesyntacticderivationofaconstruction,whichcloselycorrespondstothestructuralorganizationof
3、aconstructionpeopleactuallyproduceandreceive.Intransformationalgrammar,deepstructuresaregeneratedbyphrase-structurerules,andsurfacestructuresarederivedfromdeepstructuresbyaseriesoftransformations.Thedeepstructureshowsthesemanticcomponentsbutthesurfacestructureshowsthepro
4、perphonologicalinformationinordertoexpressthatthought.ModelDeepStructureSemanticsbyTransformationsSurfaceStructureSoundThisisthemodelassumedinCartesianLinguistics.Thecatkilledthebird→thebirdwaskilledbythecat.Thebirdwaskilled.Thekillingofthebird(bythecat).Thecat’skillin
5、gofthebird.ExampleCommonTransformationalRulesdeletion删除Thecatdisappearedandthedogdisappeared→Thecatandthedogdisappearedcopying复制addition增添Getout!→Getoutofhere!reordering重排CallMaryup→CallupMaryEverysentenceexistsontwolevels:theSurfacestructurewhichcorrespondstotheactualsp
6、okensentenceandtheDeepstructurewhichunderliesmeaningofthesentence.Thus,thesingledeepideacanbeexpressedinmanydifferentSurfaceStructures.phrasestructurerules短语结构规则词的形式表达:N(名词)V(动词)A(形容词)Adv(副词)P(介词)D(限定词)Pron(代词)Aux(助动词)Conj(连词)短语的形式表达:NP(名词短语)VP(动词短语)AP(形容词短语)PP(介词短语)Pag
7、e73Asentenceconsistsofanounphrasefollowedbyaverbphrase.句子的结构表达式:SNPVPIlovethesong.SNPVPtreediagramSNPVPphrasestructurerulesThankyou
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