高考英语阅读理解专题复习.doc

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英语专题复习——阅读理解一．突破英语阅读的关键：1.  以词汇为基础。在整个英语词汇中，最重要的词性就是动词，要把整个大纲要求词汇中的动词掌握。2.多做阅读练习。要多做练习、大量阅读，通过练习来提高阅读。在高考英语中，阅读理解是通过大量练习最容易提高分数的部分。二．正确的做题步骤    第一步：通读。通读采用的是，在几秒钟内达到以下目的即可；A．识别文体，掌握结构 B．了解文章的主旨大意。  第二步：读题。即。在仔细阅读问题的提干和选项后，了解该题的题型和考查内容，然后带着问题有目的地复读短文，这样就能在阅读过程中加快速度、集中思想，敏锐地捕捉到与题目相关的信息，从而有的放矢地找到答案。 第三步：复读 。复读采用的是，按照试题要求，有针对性地从文章中迅速找出所需要的关键信息。需要注意的是，完成一篇高考阅读理解题的主要时间分布都应放在第二、三步上面。 第四步：核查三．阅读理解常见考题：1）事实细节题2）猜测词义题3）主旨大意题4）推理判断题四．四种考题的解题方法和技巧：（一）事实细节题考查找信息的能力,答案在文章中现成的,找出涉及的信息存在于何处,然后根据语境去理解。这类题属于记忆性问题。（二）猜测词义题猜词技巧：1.根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义()①Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.②Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.()2.根据对比关系猜测生词的词义①Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.（）3.根据生活常识猜测词意①Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitiselastic.（）②Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.（）4.根据同等关系猜测词意①Atforty-twohewasinhisprimeandalwaysfullofenergy.（）5.根据构词法的知识猜测词意①Whenawisepersonmisuseshiswisdom,hewilldogreatharmtosociety.（）（三）主旨大意题1.设题方式1)主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式 Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2)目的类主旨大意题Thepassageismeantto…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…3)标题类主旨大意题Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe…2.如何做主旨大意题要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心，找出文章/段落的主题句。3.应试技巧：寻找主题句1.有主题句，套用主题句（划出下列文段中的主题句）Sample1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink. Sample2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime. 2．无主题句，自己小结即主题句隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句。必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。Tomstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.HowTombecamealawyer.B.Tomisadiligentstudent.　C.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.（四）推理判断型考查内容：1.推断隐含意义2.推断作者观点或态度3.推断写作目的 4.推断文章出处5.推断文脉逻辑关系1.推断隐含意义设题方式Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____________.Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely_____________.Whenthewritertalksabout…,whatthewriterreallymeansis_____________.Thewritersuggeststhat.Thestoryimpliesthat.Wecaninfer[conclude]fromthepassagethat.这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。技巧点拨1)全面分析2)忠实原文3)不要选择表层信息E.X.1.Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."Thesoundofthisbeetle________.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople. 2.Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）theundersidewilldie.Youcantellthatrocks________.A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimalsC.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeaches2.推断作者观点或态度设题方式Thewriter’sattitudetoward……is______.Thewriterthoughtthat______.Accordingtotheauthor______.技巧点拨：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。说明文中作者的态度:objective(客观的)，neutral(中立的)，positive(肯定的，积极的)，negative（否定的，消极的），approval（赞成的），disapproval（不赞成的），indifferent（漠不关心的），ironic(讽刺的)，critical(批评的)，optimistic(乐观的)，pessimistic(悲观的) E.X.1.Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthebadnews.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform 3.推断写作目的 设题方式(1)考查整篇文章的写作目的Thewriter’spurposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.(2)考查某处细节的写作意图Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat_____.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.E.X.“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem 4.推断文章出处Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof___.解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称(2)广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认(3)产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等E.X.Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(药片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(缓解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.A.textbookB.newsreel(新闻片)C.doctor’snotebookD.bottleofmedicine