资源描述：
《外文翻译computerprogram英文.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、ComputerProgram1IntroductionComputerProgram,setofinstructionsthatdirectsacomputertoperformsomeprocessingfunctionorcombinationoffunctions.Fortheinstructionstobecarriedout,acomputermustexecuteaprogram,thatis,thecomputerreadstheprogram,andthenfollowthestepsencoded
2、intheprograminapreciseorderuntilcompletion.Aprogramcanbeexecutedmanydifferenttimes,witheachexecutionyieldingapotentiallydifferentresultdependingupontheoptionsanddatathattheusergivesthecomputer.Programsfallintotwomajorclasses:applicationprogramsandoperatingsyste
3、ms.Anapplicationprogramisonethatcarriesoutsomefunctiondirectlyforauser,suchaswordprocessingorgame-playing.Anoperatingsystemisaprogramthatmanagesthecomputerandthevariousresourcesanddevicesconnectedtoit,suchasRAM,harddrives,monitors,keyboards,printers,16/16andmod
4、ems,sothattheymaybeusedbyotherprograms.ExamplesofoperatingsystemsareDOS,Windows95,OS2,andUNIX.1ProgramDevelopmentSoftwaredesignerscreatenewprogramsbyusingspecialapplicationsprograms,oftencalledutilityprogramsordevelopmentprograms.Aprogrammerusesanothertypeofpr
5、ogramcalledatexteditortowritethenewprograminaspecialnotationcalledaprogramminglanguage.Withthetexteditor,theprogrammercreatesatextfile,whichisanorderedlistofinstructions,alsocalledtheprogramsourcefile.Theindividualinstructionsthatmakeuptheprogramsourcefileareca
6、lledsourcecode.Atthispoint,aspecialapplicationsprogramtranslatesthesourcecodeintomachinelanguage,orobjectcode—aformatthattheoperatingsystemwillrecognizeasaproperprogramandbeabletoexecute.Threetypesofapplicationsprogramstranslatefrom16/16sourcecodetoobjectcode:c
7、ompilers,interpreters,andassemblers.Thethreeoperatedifferentlyandondifferenttypesofprogramminglanguages,buttheyservethesamepurposeoftranslatingfromaprogramminglanguageintomachinelanguage.Acompilertranslatestextfileswritteninahigh-levelprogramminglanguage--sucha
8、sFORTRAN,C,orPascal—fromthesourcecodetotheobjectcodeallatonce.ThisdiffersfromtheapproachtakenbyinterpretedlanguagessuchasBASIC,APLandLISP,inwhichaprogramistranslatedintoobje
