语言与文化的关系.ppt

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1、LanguageandCultureMajorresearchesonlanguageandcultureInteractionoflanguageandculture1MajorresearchesTheconnectionbetweencultureandlanguagehasbeennotedasfarbackastheclassicalperiodandprobablylongbefore.TheancientGreeks,forexample,distinguishedbetweencivilizedpeoplesandbárbaros"thosewhobabble

2、“;TheGermanromanticistsofthe19thcenturysuchasHerder,WundtandHumbolt,oftensawlanguagenotjustasoneculturaltraitamongmanybutratherasthedirectexpressionofapeople'snationalcharacter,andassuchascultureinakindofcondensedform.Herderforexamplesuggests,“Sinceeverypeopleisapeople,ithasitsownnationalcu

3、ltureexpressedthroughitsownlanguage”.2Languageinculture:Boasiantradition.FranzBoas1858-1942EstablishedmodernAmericananthropologyHandbookofAmericanIndianLanguages,1911Anthropologicalorientation3FranzBoas,likehisGermanforerunners,maintainedthatthesharedlanguageofacommunityisthemostessentialca

4、rrieroftheircommonculture.Boaswasthefirstanthropologistwhoconsidereditunimaginabletostudythecultureofaforeignpeoplewithoutalsobecomingacquaintedwiththeirlanguage.thefactthattheintellectualcultureofapeoplewaslargelyconstructed,sharedandmaintainedthroughtheuseoflanguage,meantthatunderstanding

5、thelanguageofaculturalgroupwasthekeytounderstandingitsculture.45Wecanlearnfromthecitation:Languageisthemostimportantbranchofethnology.Ethnologyisthescientificstudyandcomparisonofculturesofdifferentracesofpeople(NewcollegiateDictionary).Languageisacomponentpartofculture.6CulturalrelativismWh

6、iletranscribingnativetextsandtranslatingthem,Boasbecamefascinatedbythedifferentwaysinwhichdifferentlanguageclassifytheworldandthehumanexperience.Heproposedculturalrelativism—theviewthateachcultureshouldbeunderstoodinitsowntermsratherthanaspartofanintellectuallyormorallyscaledmasterplan,inwh

7、ichtheEuropeansorthoseofEuropeandescenttendedtobeatthetop.(Duranti,195255)7CulturalrelativismBoasusedhisknowledgeofAmericanIndianlanguagestoshowthatthewaylanguagesclassifytheworldisarbitrary.Eachlanguagehasitsownwayofbuildingupavocabularythatdividesupthe