英汉对比与翻译(好).ppt

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1、翻译欢迎光临英对比与翻译汉English-ChineseContrastandTranslationAChinesepoemsays,“Abosomfriendafarbringsadistantlandnear.”海内存知己，天涯若比邻Wishingyouhappinesseveryday!翻译欢迎光临英对比与翻译汉ThreeParts1.Languagetransfer（语言迁移）2.Linguisticcontrast（语言对比）3.Contrastandtranslation（对比与翻译）PartOneLanguageTransferinFLLearning:Interference

2、orFacilitation?外语学习中的语言迁移：干扰还是促进？WhatIsLanguageTransfer?Transferistheinfluenceresultingfromthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetargetlanguageandanyotherlanguagethathasbeenpreviouslyacquired.Odlin(1989:27)迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之间的相似和差异而产生的影响。奥德林TwoTypesofTransferNegativeTransfer(负迁移)Errorsarisefromanal

3、ogy.类推会产生错误。PositiveTransfer（正迁移）Errorsdecreasebyanalysis.分析能减少错误。KeenawarenessofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwolanguagescanfacilitateFLlearning.对两种语言相似与相异点的敏锐意识能促进外语学习。NegativeTransfer(负迁移):Interference(干扰)Causes:analogicaluseofone’spriorknowledgeofthemothertongue母语先知结构的类推运用scantyknowle

4、dgeofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages对两种语言的差异所知甚少unconsciousfallingbackonthemothertonguespeechhabit不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯Chinglish=Englishwords+Chinesestructure汉语式英语=英语单词+汉语结构NativeLanguageTransferDoesExist.母语迁移现象确实存在Theageofthelearner:around20学习者的年龄：20上下Thelearningcontext：Chinese学习的语境：汉语ExamplesofNegative

5、TransferPhonologicaltransfer(语音迁移)Thesound/n/or/f/doesnotexistinsomeChinesedialectsand/l/or/h/servesasasubstitute.在有些中国方言（如南京/闽南方言）中没有辅音/n/或/f/，而用辅音/l/或/h/来替代。1、这位作家喜欢晚上写作。Thewriterlikeswritingatlight.(night)他不怕死。Hedoesnotheartodie.(fear)ExamplesofNegativeTransferHeonlyeattwomealaday.2、他一天只吃两顿饭。Mor

6、phologicaltransfer（词形迁移）NeithernounsnorverbshaveinflectionsinChinese.在汉语中，名词和动词都没有形态变化。(eats)(meals)我去年到北京去了三次。IgotoBeijing3timelastyear.(went)(times)ExamplesofNegativeTransferShanghaiissaidtohavethirty-threemillionpopulation.3、据说上海有三千三百万人口。Collocationtransfer(搭配迁移)Thenounrenkou,theChineseequivalen

7、tof‘population’,canhaveanumericalpre-modifier.Population的汉语对应词“人口”在汉语中可以用前置数词来修饰。Shanghaiissaidtohaveapopulationofthirty-threemillion.Shanghaiissaidtohavethirty-threemillionpeople.ExamplesofNegativeTransfer