现代英语词汇学概论7-Sense-relations-between-words课件.ppt

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1、ChapterVIISenseRelationsBetweenWordsTeachingContentsI.Synonymy1.Definition2.Kinds3.Patterns4.UseII.Antonymy1.Definition2.Types3.Relevantpoints4.UseIII.HyponymyIV.SemanticFieldKeyPointsI.Synonymy1.Definition2.Kinds3.Patterns4.UseII.Antonymy1.Definition2.Typesanddifferentiation4.UseIII.

2、Hyponymy1.Definition2.UseIV.SemanticField1.Definition2.FeaturesDifficultPoints1.Differentiationanduseofsynonyms2.CharicteristicsofanddifferencesbetweenthethreekindsofantonymsⅠ.Synonymy(同义关系):Relationshipbetweensynonyms1.Definitionofsynonyms(同义词):◆Synonymsarebetterdefinedaswordshavingt

3、hesameessentialorgenericmeaning,thatis,denotativemeaning,anddifferinginconnotation,application,oridiomaticuse,etc.2.Kindsofsynonyms:1.)Complete/absolutesynonyms(完全同义词):◆wordswhosemeaningisfullyidenticalinanycontextsothatonecanalwaysbesubstitutedfortheotherwithouttheslightestchangeinme

4、aning.spirant&fricative摩擦音(phonetics)word-formation&word-building构词(lexicology)compounding&composition复合构词法(lexicology)malnutrition&undernourishment营养不良(medicine)caecitis&typhlitis盲肠炎(medicin)2.)Relativesynonyms(相对同义词;近义词)Quasi-synonymouswords:◆indegreeofagivenqualityorinshadeofmeanin

5、g(语义色彩)☆Differenceindegreeofagivenquality:1.Mybedroomissmallerthanyours.2.Fleasaretinyinsects.3.Thediminutivesuffix-lingin“duckling”denotesaffection.4.Theofficeisminute,withbarelyroomforadeskandtwochairs.5.amicroscopicplant6.Thebody‘sannualintakeofmetallicironisinfinitesimal.☆Differen

6、ceinshadeofmeaning:1.declineaninvitationtodinner2.thosewhoacceptedtheofferandthosewhorejectedit3.refuseachildpermissiontogoout◆inaffectivemeaning,andstylisticmeaning:☆Differenceinaffectivemeaning:asmallroompoorlittleboyAppreciative/Favourablethrifty/frugal（节俭的）bravery（勇敢,勇气）firm（坚定的,坚

7、决的）intellectual（知识分子）black（黑人）Derogatory/Unfavourableniggardly/miserly（吝啬的）foolhardiness（蛮勇）pigheaded（顽固的）egghead（书呆子）nigger（黑鬼）☆Differenceinstylisticmeaning:man(neutral)chap/fellow/bird(colloquial)guy/bozo(slang)gent(vulgar/jocular)◆incollocationanddistribution☆Differenceincollocatio

8、n:sai