现代英语词汇学概论2morphologicalstructureofEnglishwords.ppt

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1、现代英语词汇学概论LexicologyChapter2MorphologicalStructureofEnglishWords英语词汇的形态结构2.1Morphemes词素/语素/形位2.2ClassificationofMorphemes词素分类HowisanEnglishwordformed?E.g.disagreeabledisagreeable(byletter)dis·a·gree·a·ble(bysyllable)dis+agree+able(bymorpheme)Whatisthedifferencebetween“morpheme”and“syllable”?S

2、yllable:hasnothingtodowithmeaningMorpheme:two-facet→bothsoundandmeaning2.1Morphemes词素/语素/形位1.TheDefinitionof“Morphemes”词素的概念2.Allomorphs词素变体back2.1.1TheDefinitionof“Morphemes”词素的概念Questions:1.Whatis“Morpheme”?Whatistherelationbetween“morpheme”and“word”?*2.Whatare“Allomorphs”*Morpheme=morph+em

3、eform+thesmallestunitMorpheme:thesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguagesmallest:notdivisibleintosmallerformsmeaningful:carrymeaning(lexicalandgrammatical)e.g.denationalizationdenationalization=de+nation+al+iz+ationAmorphemeisatwo-facetlanguageunit:soundandmeaningbackAllomorphs:variousshap

4、esorformsofamorphemedonotdifferinmeaningorfunctionconditionedbypositionoradjoiningsoundsbackE.g.book→books/-s/pig→pigs/-z/horse→horses/-iz/E.g.perfect,responsible,logical,flexibleperfect→imperfectresponsible→irresponsiblelogical→illogicalflexible→inflexibleE.g.invent→inventiondescribe→descrip

5、tionjustify→justificationmodernize→modernizationexpand→expansiondecide→decisionomit→omissionback2.2ClassificationofMorphemes词素分类1.FreeMorphemesandBoundMorphemes自由词素与粘着词素2.RootsandAffixes词根与词缀2.2.1FreeMorphemesandBoundMorphemes自由词素与粘着词素Questions:1.Whatis“freemorpheme”?2.Whatis“boundmorpheme”?

6、3.Howdoesafreemorphemeoraboundmorphemeformaword?Whatis“freemorpheme”?Freemorpheme:onethatcanbeutteredalonewithmeaningAfreemorphemeisaword.E.g.green,red,write,faithWhatis“boundmorpheme”?Boundmorpheme:cannotstandbyitselfasacompleteutteranceappearwithatleastoneothermorpheme,freeorboundE.g.receiv

7、ere-ceivebackHowdoesafreemorphemeoraboundmorphemeformaword?E.g.green,greenhouse,greenness,disagreeable,receive,encyclopediagreen(free)green-house(free+free)green-ness(free+bound)dis-agree-able(bound+free+bound)re-ceive(bound+bound)en-cyclo-pe