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1、JournalofEconomicLiterature48(September2010):3,752–756http:www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jel.48.3.752AReviewofDouglassC.North,JohnJosephWallis,andBarryR.Weingast’sViolenceandSocialOrders:AConceptualFrameworkforInterpretingRecordedHumanHistoryRobertBates*InViolenceandSocialOrde
2、rs:AConceptualFrameworkforInterpretingRecordedHumanHistory,DouglassC.North,JohnJosephWallis,andBarryR.Weingastprobetheorganizationalfoundationsofdevelopment.Outliningthepropertiesofthe“natural”and“openentry”societies,theyhighlightaswelltheconditionsunderwhichsocietiescanmovefromonetothe
3、other,therebyachievingpoliticalorderandeconomicprosperity.1. Introduction(CambridgeUniversityPress2009),DouglassNorth,JohnWallis,andBarryWeingastdem-Rarelydoauthorsplacebetweentwoonstratethelearningandexhibitthechutzpahcoverstheirthoughtsonthelaw,bothtodoboth.commonandcanon;onRomeandthe
4、ViolenceandSocialOrderscanbereadBritishnavy;onhuntersandgatherersandeitherasaworkoneconomichistoryorastribalsocieties;andontheWhigsineigh-acontributiontothestudyofdevelopment.teenthcenturyEnglandandtheDemocratsViewedeitherway,itimpartsacentralles-innineteenthcenturyAmerica.Noraremanyson
5、:thatpolitics—and,inparticular,thescholarswillingtooffer“AConceptualuseofcoercion—determinesthequalityofFrameworkforInterpretingRecordedlifetowhichpeoplecanaspire:thelevelofHumanHistory.”InViolenceandSocialprosperity,thedegreeofsecurity,andtheOrders:AConceptualFrameworkforrangeswithinwh
6、ichtheyvary.BecauseofInterpretingRecordedHumanHistorydifferencesinthemannerinwhichpowerisdeployed,theyargue,somesocietiescol-lapseinresponsetoshockswhereasothers* Bates:HarvardUniversity.proveadaptive.Overtime,thosethatgrow752Bates:AReviewofViolenceandSocialOrders753forlongerperiodsandc
7、ollapselessfre-leaderscomingtotheforeoroldleadersquentlyachievehigherlevelsofincome.championingnewpolicies.Throughouthistory,thepowerfulhavetriedtocombineinordertocreaterents2. Discussionandtorestrictaccesstothem—thisisthe“naturalstate,”North,Wallis,andWeingastInaddressingthese
