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时间:2019-06-25
《民主主义与教育英文版Chapter11》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、ChapterElevenExperienceandThinking1.TheNatureofExperience.Thenatureofexperiencecanbeunderstoodonlybynotingthatitincludesanactiveandapassiveelementpeculiarlycombined.Ontheactivehand,experienceistrying--ameaningwhichismadeexplicitintheconnectedtermexperiment.Onthepassive,itisundergoing.Whenwee
2、xperiencesomethingweactuponit,wedosomethingwithit;thenwesufferorundergotheconsequences.Wedosomethingtothethingandthenitdoessomethingtousinreturn:suchisthepeculiarcombination.Theconnectionofthesetwophasesofexperiencemeasuresthefruitfulnessorvalueoftheexperience.Mereactivitydoesnotconstituteex
3、perience.Itisdispersive,centrifugal,dissipating.Experienceastryinginvolveschange,butchangeismeaninglesstransitionunlessitisconsciouslyconnectedwiththereturnwaveofconsequenceswhichflowfromit.Whenanactivityiscontinuedintotheundergoingofconsequences,whenthechangemadebyactionisreflectedbackintoa
4、changemadeinus,themerefluxisloadedwithsignificance.Welearnsomething.Itisnotexperiencewhenachildmerelystickshisfingerintoaflame;itisexperiencewhenthemovementisconnectedwiththepainwhichheundergoesinconsequence.Henceforththestickingofthefingerintoflamemeansaburn.Beingburnedisamerephysicalchange
5、,liketheburningofastickofwood,ifitisnotperceivedasaconsequenceofsomeotheraction.Blindandcapriciousimpulseshurryusonheedlesslyfromonethingtoanother.Sofarasthishappens,everythingiswritinwater.Thereisnoneofthatcumulativegrowthwhichmakesanexperienceinanyvitalsenseofthatterm.Ontheotherhand,manyth
6、ingshappentousinthewayofpleasureandpainwhichwedonotconnectwithanyprioractivityofourown.Theyaremereaccidentssofarasweareconcerned.Thereisnobeforeoraftertosuchexperience;noretrospectnoroutlook,andconsequentlynomeaning.Wegetnothingwhichmaybecarriedovertoforeseewhatislikelytohappennext,andnogain
7、inabilitytoadjustourselvestowhatiscoming--noaddedcontrol.Onlybycourtesycansuchanexperiencebecalledexperience.To'learnfromexperience"istomakeabackwardandforwardconnectionbetweenwhatwedotothingsandwhatweenjoyorsufferfromthingsinconsequence.Undersuchc
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