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1、跨文化交际技巧参考答案定义题1、Interculturalcommunication跨文化交际P3TherearethreekindsofthingsyouneedtolearnifyouwanttobeabletocommunicateeffectivelywithWesterners.First,youneedtolearnaforeignlanguage,usuallyEnglish.Second,youshouldlearnasmuchaspossibleaboutWesterncultures.However,studyin
2、gEnglishlanguageandWesterncultureisnotenough.Youshouldalsolearnsomethingaboutwhathappenswhenpeoplefromdifferentculturestrytocommunicatewitheachother—inotherwords,"interculturalcommunication."2、Individualist个人主义Individualistcultureisoneinwhichpeopletendtoviewthemselvesas
3、individualsandemphasizetheneedsofindividuals.Ingeneral,Westernculturetendstobeindividualist.Theyviewthemselvesasindependentofcollectives;areprimarilymotivatedbytheirownpreferences,needs,rights,andthecontactstheyhaveestablishedwithothers;giveprioritytotheirpersonalgoalso
4、verthegoalsofothers;andemphasizerationalanalysesoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagestoassociatingwithothers.3、Collectivist集体主义Collectivistcultureisoneinwhichpeopletendtoviewthemselvesasmembersofgroups(families,workunits,tribes,nations),andusuallyconsidertheneedsofthegrouptob
5、emoreimportantthantheneedsofindividuals.MostAsiancultures,includingChina's,tendtobecollectivist.Peopleseethemselvesaspartsofoneormorecollectives;areprimarilymotivatedbythenormsof,anddutiesimposedby,thosecollectives;arewillingtogiveprioritytothegoalsofthesecollectivesove
6、rtheirownpersonalgoals;andemphasizetheirconnectednesstomembersofthesecultures.4、publicbehavior/privatebehaviorPublicbehavioristhebehaviorinpublicsettings,suchasinworkplaces,shopsandsoon.Privatebehavioristhebehaviorinprivatelife,suchaswhenyouareathomeorwithyourfamilyands
7、oon.Bothindividualistandcollectivistculturesmakeadistinctionbetweenpubliclifeandprivatelife.However,individualistWesternculturestendtomakeanespeciallyclearandfirmdistinctionbetweenthepublicandprivate,andgenerallyfeelthatthesetwoaspectsoflifeshouldbekeptseparatefromeacho
8、ther.Inotherwords,Westernerstendtobelievethathavingapersonalrelationshipwithsomeoneshouldnotaffecthowyoutreatt