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从属连词状语从句一、重点知识归纳及讲解（一）从属连词从属连词是引导状语从句，宾语从句及其他从句的连词。1．引导状语从句的从属连词有：1）when,while,before,after,assoonas,until,since等，引导时间状语从句。2）because,as,since等引导原因状语从句。3）if,aslongas等引导条件状语从句。4）though,although引导让步状语从句。5）so…that…,such…that…等引导结果状语从句。6）sothat引导目的状语从句。7）as⋯as⋯；than等引导比较状语从句。2．常用从属连词的辨析1）when,as,whilewhen,as,while都表示“当…的时候”，但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以先后发生，when既可指时间点，也可指一段时间，所以既可引导一短暂动作动词，也可引导持续性动作的动词。用as作从属连词引导时间状语时强调主句和从句的动作并行发生，不指先后，尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如：AsIlooked,someonecamenear.（正当我看的时候，有个人走上前来。）as还可说咱两种正发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”。如：Asspringwarmstheearth,allflowersbegintobloom.（随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。）表示主从句动作同时，as意为“一边…一边…”。如：Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.（他匆匆忙忙跑回家，一边走一边回头望。）while只指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词不能用终止性动词，强调某一段时间内主从句动作同时发生，常对同类的动作进行对比。如：Whilewewerewaitingforabus,itwasraininghearily.（我们在等车时，天正下着大雨。）2）till和untiltill和until都表示“直到…为止”。主句用延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式：意为“直到…才”。主句用终止性动词，从句用肯定式，主句用否定式。until较till正式，until引导的时间从句可以放在句首。例如：Shewon'tgoawaytillyoupromisetohelpher.直到你允诺要帮助她，她才走开。Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardofnothingwhathappened.直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。3）sincesince引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，其主句一般使用现在完成时。例如：Jimhasbeeninthefactoryfortwoyearssinceheleftschool.从吉姆毕业起，他在这家工厂工作两年了。 （二）状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句。例如：Hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.（修饰动词go）昨天他没去上学，因为他病了。Wemuststudysowellasourteacherhoped.（修饰副词well）我们应该学得你我们老师希望的那么好。LucyisyoungerthanJim(is)。（修饰形容词younger）露茜比吉姆年轻。状语从句的语序应是主语+谓语+其他成分，即陈述句的语序。状语从句的位置，可以放在主句前面或后面，但是若放在主句前面，要用逗号与主句分开；主句若是疑问句，那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。1）时间状语从句时间状语从句由when,while,after,before,since,assoonas,till,until等连词引导。例如：IwenttobedaftertheTVplaywasever.电视剧完了以后我上床睡觉。Couldyoulookafterherwhilewe'reaway?我们不在时你能照顾她吗？Shehastaughtinthisschoolsinceshecametothiscityin1989.自从一九八九年她来到这座城市以来一直在这所学校教书。WaituntilIcomeback.请你等到我回来。注意：如主句是一般将来时，则表示将来的时间状语只用一般现在时。例如：I'llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoBeijing.我一到北京就将写信给你。Itwillgetwarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.春天来临时，天气将变得越来越暖和。2）原因状语从句原因状语从句由because,as,since等连词引导。例如：Hesoldthecarbecauseitwastoosmall.他卖掉那辆小汽车，因为它太小了。Sinceyouwon'thelpme,Imustdothejobmyself.你既然不帮我忙，我必须自己做这项工作。Asmymotherisawayatthismoment,Ihavetolookaftermyyoungersister.由于我的妈妈现在不在，我不得不照顾我的妹妹。注意：a）because,as,since,for的用法辨析 because,as,since,for都是表示各种理由的连词，但because多表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点，故because所引导的从句常放在句末。例如：Whywasheabsent?Becausehewasbadlyill.他为什么缺度？因为他病得很重。as,since用于表示理由是已知，而理由以外才是叙述的重点，两者皆多用于句首，但要注意since重形式，as多表示理由以外的才是重点。例如：Asitisraining,let'sstayashome.因为下雨，我们就留在家里吧。Sinceyouhavenolicense,youarenotallowedtodrive.因为你没有驾驶执照，所以你不可以开车。for不用于句首，而用于主句之后，补充说明理由；主句表推测时，用for说明原因。例如：I'llfollowhisadvice,forheisadoctor.我会听从他的劝告，因为他是医生。b）becauseof也是表示原因状语，但后面只能跟短语。例如：Istayedathomebecauseofthebadweather.因为天气不好我留在家里。3）比较状语从句比较状语从句由than或as来引导。例如：Ifeelbetternowthan(Iwas)before.我现在觉得比以前好了。Hewritesaswellasyou(do).他写得和你一样好。Thisproblemismoredifficultthanthatone(is).这道题比那道题难。4）条件状语从句条件状语从句由if,unless（=ifnot）算连词引导。条件从句中的动词多用一般现在时表示将来。例如：Ishallgoifheasksme.如果他请我，我就去。Ishan'tgounlessheasksme.除非他请我，否则我是不去的。Ishallgo,whetherheasksmeornot.不管他请不请我，我都要去。Comewithmeifyouhavetime.如果你有时间请跟我来。IwanttowatchabasketballmatchifI'mwelltonight. 如果今晚我好了的话，我要看一场篮球赛。由and连接的简单句，可以用条件状语从句来改写。例如：Runfasterandyou'llcatchupwithhim.跑快点儿你就会赶上他。=Ifyourunfaster,you'llcatchupwithhim.如果你跑得快点，你就会赶上他。5）结果状语从句结果状语从句由sothat,so…that引导。例如：Hehaslosthisbikesothathecan'tcometoschoolontime.（结果状语）他去了自行车，所以不能准时到校。Yourshirtweresodirtythatyoumustwashit.（结果状语）你的衬衣这么脏，你应该把它洗洗。注意：由so…that引导的状语从句若是表示否定意思，可以用too…to（太…而不能）来替换。例如：Shewassoangrythatshecouldnotsayaword.=Shewastooangrytosayaword.她气得说不出话来。6）让步状语从句让步状语从句一般用though（虽然）、although（虽然）、eventhough（即使）引导。例如：Though/Althoughhetriedhard,hewasnotsuccessful.他虽然努力尝试，但没有成功。Hewentonworkingthoughitwasverylate.虽然很晚了，他还在继续工作。注意：1．汉语中的“虽然…但是…”在英语中用连词though就可以了，或单独使用but连接两个并列句也可以，但不能在一个句子中同时用这两个连词（主句前不用连词）。例如：“虽然我很喜欢照顾我姐姐的婴儿，但她不让我干”。这个句子我们可以用下面两种方法来表达。ThoughIlikelookingaftermysister'sbaby,shedoesn'tletmedoit.Ilikelookingaftermysister'sbaby,butshedoesn'tletmedoit.=though可以与yet连用，这里yet虽然意思与but相同，但yet不是连词，而是副词。例如：Thoughitwascold,yethewentoutwithoutacoat.虽然很冷，但他没穿外衣就出去了。 二、随堂监测A组I.用when,before,after,until,assoonas,if,as,because,though,than,since,so…that填空:1.Ihaven’theardfromhim_______helefthome.2.Hewas_______tired_______hecouldn’tgoonworking.3.Iwascooking______sheknockedatthedoor.4.Hedidn’tgotobed______hefinishedhishomework.5.Thesoldierssetofftothefront______theyreceivedtheofficer’sorder.6.Shewenttobed_______theTVplaywasover.7.Iwon’tbelieveit_______Ihearwithmyownears.8.Weshouldstrike_______theironishot.9.Takethemedicine_______yougotobed.10.Theycouldn’tsendtheirchildrentoschool_______lifewasveryhardinthosedays.11._______thismethoddoesn’twork,let’stryanother.12.We’releavingforShenzhen_______itisfinetoday.13.Iknewnothingaboutit_______hetoldme.14.Thesingerwas_______pleased_______hecouldn’tsayaword.15.Pleaseworkharder_______allofyoucanpassthefinalexam.16.Armyandpeopleareasinseparable(不可分的)_______fishandwater.17.Theharvestofthisyearismuchbetter______thatoflastyear.18._______thestoryisshortandtherearenonewwordsinit,itisdifficulttounderstand. II.用适当的连词完成改写后的句子,使其与第一个句子意思相同或相近:1.Wecan’tfinishtheworkintimewithoutyourhelp.Wecan’tfinishtheworkintime_______youdon’thelpme.2.Nowshopblowing,andtheglasswillbeclearagain._______younowstopblowing,theglasswillbeclearagain.3.Ifwedon’thurry,we’llbelateforthefilm.Let’shurry,______we’llbelateforthefilm.4.Thegirlistooyoungtogotoschool.Thegirlis______young______shecan’tgotoschool.5.Jennygotupevenearlierthenextmorninginordertogettoschoolontime.Jennygotupevenearlierthenextmorning_______shecouldgettoschoolontime.6.Jackhasn’tseenthenewfilm.Ihaven’tseenit,either.______Jack______Ihaveseenthenewfilm.7.WeiHuaisaLeaguemember.HanMeimeiisaLeaguemember,too.______WeiHua______HanMeimeiareLeaguemembers.8.ThelittleboyspeaksEnglishverywell.HespeaksRussianverywell,too.Thelittleboyspeaks______English______Russianverywell.9.XiaoMingwasbornin1988.WangLinwasbornin1988,too.XiaoMingisjustasold______WangLin.10.MissGaoisverykind.Allthestudentslikeher. MissGaois______kind______allthestudentslikeher.三、随堂监测B组III.单项选择:1.Weweregettingreadytogoout______itbegantorain.A.whereB.whenC.sinceD.if2.Welovespring______there’rebeautifulflowerseverywhere.A.butB.ifC.thoughD.because3.Theworkwas_______difficult_______ittookusquitealongtimetodoit.A.such,thatB.so,thatC.too,thatD.too,to4.I’lltellhimtogiveyouacall______hecomesback.A.becauseB.sinceC.assoonasD.but5.---WhydidLiLeiuseapencil?---_______hispenwasbroken.A.BecauseB.WhenC.UntilD.If6.IthinkChineseismorepopular______anyothersubject.A.thanB.forC.asD.then7.WhatdoIhavetodo______Iwanttobethinner?A.ifB.becauseC.sinceD.for8.Iwon’tturnoffthelight______you’vefinishedreading. A.whenB.afterC.assoonasD.until9.I’llstudyEnglishandotherobjects_______Ican. A.sohardasB.ashardasC.sohardlyasD.ashardlyas10.Thoughitrainedheavily,_______werestillplayingontheplayground. A.theyB.sotheyC.buttheyD.andthey11.Youshouldfinishyourexercises______yougotobed. A.afterB.beforeC.becauseD.if12.---ArewegoingtoWestHillFarmbybike? ---No.Bybus,_______itisquitefarfromhere. A.ifB.whenC.thoughD.because13.Mr.Readhastaughtinthatsmalltown______heleftCanadain1988. A.whenB.afterC.forD.since14.I’m______busygettingreadyforChristmas_______Ihavenotimetowritetoyou. A.not,untilB.too,toC.so,thatD.neither,nor15.You’lldobetterinEnglish______youworkharder. A.orB.thanC.ifD.before16.Tomdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday______hewasill. A.butB.untilC.ifD.because17.LiHua______inthefactorysincesheleftschooltenyearsago. A.worksB.workedC.hasworkedD.hadworked18.---I’mgoingtoHangzhouforaholidaythisweekend. ---________youarethere,canyoubuymesomegreentea? A.BecauseB.IfC.WhileD.After19.Whatshallwedo______itrainstomorrow? A.soB.ifC.butD.because20.Ifyou______himtomorrow,pleaseaskhimifhe_______toworkonthefarmwithus. A.see,goesB.willsee,goesC.willsee,willgoD.see,willgo21.Theroomis______dirty______wedon’twanttostayhere. A.so,thatB.such,thatC.either,orD.as,as22._______he’sveryyoung,_______heknowsseverallanguages. A.Though,butB.Because,soC.Though,/D.Because,/23.Theywillhaveasportsmeetingifit______tomorrow. A.won’trainB.willrainC.doesn’trainD.rains24.Myparentswillgooutforanoutingwithmeifthey______freenextSunday. A.willbeB.areC.haveD.willhave25.We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl. A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew26.Couldyouringmeupassoonashe______? A.arrivedB.wouldarriveC.arrivesD.willarrive27.We______TVwhenthetelephone________. A.watched,wasringing B.werewatching,rang C.watch,rings D.arewatching,rang28.Kate______tobeduntilherfatherreturnedyesterdayevening. A.won’tgoB.doesn’tgoC.wentD.didn’tgo29.Ifthechild_______,pleasetelephonethepolice. A.foundB.isfoundC.wasfoundD.hasfound30.Ifyou______heretomorrow,I’llbedelighted. A.comesB.willcomeC.came D.come 练习答案 A组I.1.since2.so,that3.when4.until5.assoonas6.after7.until8.while9.before10.because11.Since12.if13.until14.so,that15.so,that16.as17.than18.ThoughII.1.if2.If3.or4.so,that5.sothat6.Neither,nor7.Both,and8.both,and9.as10.so,that B组III.1—5ACCDA6—10BBBDB11—15BDDCC16—20DCCBD21—25ACCBC26—30CBDBD
