状语从句用法讲解和练习

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状语从句专题一．状语从句状语从句分九类：从句种类主要从属连词1时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,until,till,whenever2条件状语从句if,unless3目的状语从句inorderthat,sothat4结果状语从句so…that,such…that,sothat,so5原因状语从句because,as,since6让步状语从句although,though,eventhough(if),while7方式状语从句asif,asthough8地点状语从句where,wherever9比较状语从句than,as二．状语从句详细讲解★时间状语从句3.1．时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。连接时间状语从句的连接词有：when(当……的时候)，while（当……的时候），as(当……的时候)，once(一旦)，till(until)（一直到……，直到……才），bythetime(到……时)，assoonas（一……就）themoment(一……就)．since(自从……)．before(在……前)．after(左……后)3.2．when，while，as均可表示“当……的时候”。when强调“特定时间”，表示主句谓语动词的动作与从句谓语动词的动作是同时发生的，或从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前；while表示的时间是一段，而不是一点，as多用在口语中，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后”，有时还有“随着”的含义。I'llgoonwiththeworkwhen／comebacktomorrow．我明天回来后会继续做我的工作。Whenspringcame,hefeltlikeatrip.春天来了，他想去旅游。Asspringwarmsthegoodearth，allflowersbegintobloom．(as有“随着”的含义)3.3．till／until，表示“一直到……”，主从句都用肯定式；表示“直到……才”，主句否定，从句肯定。Heworkeduntilitwasdark.他一直工作到天黑。Hedidnotgetuptillhismothercamein.一直到母亲进来他才起床。3.4．once“一旦”，bythetime“到……时”。Onceyouseeher,youwillfindwhatIsaidistrue.一旦你见到她就会发现我说的是对的。bythetime+现在时，主句用将来完成时。Bythetimehearrives,wewillalreadyhavelefthere.等他到达时，我们将已离开这儿了。bythetime+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。Bythetimehearrived,wehadalreadylefthere.他到达的时候我们早已离开这儿了。3.5．assoonas，themoment表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，通常译为“一……就”。AssoonasIfinishthework,I'llgotoseeyou.我一完成工作就会来看你。Shecametothescenethemomentsheheardthenews.她一听到消息就来到现场。3.6．since“自从”，before“在……前”，after“在……后”，Itwasnotlongbefore意为“不久”。since引导从句用非延续性动词或“过去时间点”或“过去时间段+ago”，主句用完成时态。 Sincehegraduated,hehasworkedinthiscity.他毕业后一直在这个城市工作。Ihaven'tseenhimsincelastyear/threeyearsago.去年以来/3年来，我没见过他。选出最佳答案1)hewaslisteningtothemusic,Johnfellasleep.A.AfterB.BeforeC.WhileD.Assoonas-2)Howdidyoutrytogettoschoolontimeyoumissedtheschoolbus.A.whenB.howC.whyD.that3)Hewasridingtoschoolhewashitbyacarthismorning.AwhileB.whenC.asD.so4)Lucyknewnothingaboutithersistertoldher.A.becauseB.untilC.ifD.since5)Thepolicemanaskedthechildcrossthestreetthetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;whenB.don't;beforeC.notto;untilD.notto;since6)Thebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehoursherealizedit.A.whenB.afterC.untilD.before7)wehadseenalltheanimals,wewenthome.A.ThenB.AfterC.ThoughD.While8)Shehasmademanyfriendsshecametoourschool.A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.until9)—Howlonghastheweatherbeenlikethis?A.UntillastnightB.EversincelastnightC.TwodaysagoD.Twodayslater10)MyunclewenttoAustralialastyear.Wehaven'tseenhim.A.sincealmostayearB.fromalmostayearonC.afteralmostayearD.sincealmostayearago11)Hewassotiredthathefellasleephewenttobed.A.asifB.eventhoughC.eversinceD.assoonas12)Iknewnothingabouttheaccidentmyfriendtoldmeyesterday.A.becauseB.sinceC.untilD.after13)Ididn'tmanagetodoityouhadexplainedhow.A.untilB.sinceC.whileD.after【Keys】1)C2)A3)B4)B5)A6)D7)B8)C9)B10)D11)D12)C13)A★条件状语从句【经典剖析】1．条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。引导条件状语从句的连词有：if如果；unless除非，如果不；onconditionthat条件是；aslongas只要2．表示正面的条件用if“如果”。Ifyoudon'tlookafteryoungtrees,theywilldieveryquickly.Ifthemuseumchargesforentry,alotofpeoplewon'tbeabletovisitit.3．表示否定的条件用unless(=if.．．not)“除非，如果不”。IshallnotgotothecinemaunlessIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeeight.说明：if…not常可以用unless替代。 Ifyoudon’tstudyhard,youwillfailintheexam.Youwillfailintheexamunlessyoustudyhard.4．表示使某事成为现实必要的条件用onconditionthat“条件是”，aslongas‘‘只要”。Youmaygoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon'tswimtoofarawayfromtheriverbank.Aslongasyoudon'tstudyhard,youwillfailintheexam.5．祈使结构表条件。前半部分的祈使结构相当于if条件句，可用动词或名词开头；后半部分的简单句常用一般将来时，有时也用一般现在时。此句型与条件状语从句形成同义结构。1)祈使句(,)+and/then+简单句＝>if从句(否定式)+主句Givemesomewheretostand,andIwillmovetheearth.（如果）给我一个支点，我便能掀动地球。=Ifyougivemesomewheretostand,Iwillmovetheearth.Onemoreword,andI'llturnyouout.你再多说一句，我就把你赶出去。=Ifyouspeakonemoreword,Iwillturnyouout.Useyourhead,thenyou'llfindaway.动动脑子你就能找到办法。=Ifyouuseyourhead,you'llfindaway.2)祈使句（,）+or+简单句＝>if从句(否定式)+主语Workevenharder,oryouwillneverpasstheexam.如果不加倍努力，你就永远无法通过考试。=Ifyoudon'tworkharder,youwillneverpasstheexam.Stoptellinglies,oryouwillbepunished.如果你继续说谎，就会受到惩罚。=Ifyoudon'tstoptellinglies,youwillbepunished.选择最佳答案填空1)—Wouldyouliketogototheparkwithme,Susan?—I'dliketo,youdon'twanttogoalone.A.untilB.beforeC.ifD.after2)Tomorrowwe'llgotothecityparkitissunny.A.assoonasB.whenC.ifD.as3)Allofuswillbehappyyoucancomewithus.A.whileB.ifC.butD.or4)NobodycanlearnEnglishwellyouworkhardonit.A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.but5)Thesportsmeetwillcontinueitrainsthisafternoon.A.ifB.sinceC.assoonasD.unless【Keys】1)C2)C3)B4)B5)D原因状语从句和地点状语从句1．原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有：because,for,since,as,nowthat1)because意为“因为”，表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，用于回答why，语气最强。Heisabsenttodaybecauseheisill.他今天缺席，因为他病了。 Ididn'tgooutbecauseIwasbusywithhomework.我没有出去，因为我忙于家庭作业。有时，可用becauseof后接名词或代词表示原因，此时becauseof=for(介词)。Wewon'tbeabletocomebecauseoftheweather.由于天气的原因，我们来不了。Shewaslookingallthebetterforherstayinhospital.她因为待在医院，显得好多了。2)for意为“因为”，引导的从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供补充说明，且不可位于主句前。for前往往用逗号或分号与主句分开，引起的从句对主句加以解释。Ididn'tgotoseehim,foraheavysnowwasfalling.我没有去看他，因为在下大雪。Thedayswereshort,foritwasnowDecember.白天短了，因为现在已经是十二月了。Wemustbeginplanningnow,forthefuturemaybringunexpectedchanges.我们必须现在就开始筹划，因为将来可能会发生意想不到的变化。有时，for引起的从句并不表示原因，而是表示一种推断或解释，而because则不能。Someoneinthehousemustbeill,foradoctorhasjustcomeout.房子里一定有人病了，因为有个医生刚刚出来。3)since意为“既然”、“由于”，一般表示对方已知的、无需加以说明的既成事实的理由(如果从句表示的原因不是确定的事实，就不能用since，通常用because)。Sinceyouaregoing,Iwillgotoo.既然你要走，我也走了。Sinceyouareill,I'llgoalone.由于你病了，我就一个人走了。4)as意为“由于”，表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱。Asitissnowing,weshallnotgotothepark.由于正在下雪，我们就不去公园了。Hehadtoapologize,asheknewhehadmadeamistake.他必须道歉，因为他知道他错了。由as表示的原因语势最弱，常用于口语。5)nowthat意为“既然”，有时可将that省去，含义与since接近。区别在于：since表示原先已存在的情况，而nowthat表示现在才发生的情况。Nowthatithasstoppedraining,let'sstartatonce.既然现在雨停了，咱们马上开始吧！Nowthatyouhavecome,youmayaswellstay.既然来了，你最好还是待在这儿。2．地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有：where,wherever,anywhere,everywherePutitwhereyoucanseeit.把它放在你看得见的地方。I'llfindhim,whereverheis.不管他在哪里我都要找到他。Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.你应该把书放在原来的地方。Whereveryougo,youshoulddoyourworkwell.不论你到哪里都要把工作做好。选择最佳答案1)IhopetogotoFrancesomedaytherearemanyfamousmuseumsthere.A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.where2)—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?—I'dloveto,Ican't.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.A.and;BecauseB.but;BecauseC.so;AndD.and;so3)Jimhasbeeninthefactoryfortwoyears____________heleftschool.A.whenB.sinceC.assoonasD.whether4)Jackwasverytiredheplayedtennisallafternoon.A.ifB.assoonasC.becauseD. before5)You'dbettercomebackearlieritisgettingcolder.A.asB.andC.butD.or6)Janeworearaincoatitwasraining.A.soB.butC.howeverD.because7)TheItalianboywasregardedasaherohegavehislifeforhiscountry.A.accordingtoB.becauseofC.onaccountofD.because【Keys】1)C2)B3)B4)C5)A6)D7)D让步状语从句1．引导让步状语从句的连词有：although,while,eventhough,evenif,whether...(ornot),用nomatter十wh-/how引导2．although／though“虽然”。AlthoughIdidn’tknowanybodyattheparty,Ihadaverygoodtime.虽然晚会上的客人我一个也不认识，但我玩得很愉快。[注意]“although…but”是个典型的错误，因为but是并列连词，不能与从属连词although连用。但是，although可与yet，still连用，因为yet，still是副词，它可使前后关系更明确。3．while意为“然而”。1)while用于对照，说明两种情况相反，意为“然而，但是”。Tomisveryoutgoing,whileJaneisshyandquiet.汤姆性格外向，而简却腼腆安静。WhileIwasreading,hewasplaying.我在读书，而他在玩。2)while意为“虽然，尽管”，同although，此时从句和主句的主语往往为同一人或物。Whileshelikedcats。sheneverletthemcomeintoherroom．虽然她喜欢猫，但她从不让猫进她的房间。4．evenif“即使”（if后陈述的是假设）；eventhough“尽管”（though后陈述的是事实）。I'mgoingtoapplyforthejob,evenifitpaysverylittle.即使报酬不高，我也要去申请那份工作。Heisanhonestman,Isay,eventhoughIhaveopposedhim.我说他是个诚实的人，尽管我反对过他。5．whether…(ornot)“无论是……或是……”.Whetheritrainsornot,Ishallgooutforanouting.无论是否下雨，我都要外出游玩。Whetherwewinorlose,wearegoingtodoourbest.无论胜败，我们都会尽最大努力。[注意]whether作“无论”解，用现在时表将来；whether作“是否”解时则不能。They'llgooutwhetheritrainsornottomorrow.无论明天是否下雨，他们都要出去。Canyoutellmewhetheritwillrainornottomorrow?你能告诉我明天是否下雨吗？6．用nomatter+wh-／how的词引导，意为“无论”。nomatterwho无论谁，nomatterwhich无论哪一，nomatterwhat无论什么,nomatterwhen无论何时，nomatterwhere无论哪里，nomatterhow无论怎样 Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeythelaw.无论你是谁，你都应当遵纪守法。Ithasthesameresultnomatterwhichwayyoudoit.无论用什么方法来做，结果都一样。Nomatterhowcolditis,sheoftengoesswimming.无论有多冷，她总是常去游泳。选择最佳答案填空1)he'sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So2)—Howdoyouliketheconcertgivenbythe"FoxyLadies"?—Exciting,onepieceofthemusicwasn'tplayedquitewell.A.soB.thoughC.becauseD.and3)—Shallwegoonworking?—Yes,Iprefertohavearest.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though4)DoctorLiwenttoseethepatientitwasrainingheavily.A.becauseB.andC.sinceD.though5)—Thisdresswaslastyear'sstyle.—Ithinkitstilllooksperfectithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversince6)Nomatterbusyheis,hewon'tgiveuphishobby.A.whereB.howC.whatD.who7)Ineverseemtoloseanyweight,hardItry.A.eventhoughB.nomatterhowC.asifD.eversince8)Nomatteryoucome,youarewelcome.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what9)Thoughit'sraining,arestillworkinginthefields.A.theyB.buttheyC.andtheyD.sothey10)Nobodybelievedhimwhathesaid.A.eventhoughB.inspiteC.nomatterD.contraryto11)whatmayhappen,Iwon'tchangemymind.A.EvenifB.AlthoughC.PerhapsD.Nomatter【Keys】2.1)A2)B3)D4)D5)B6)B7)B8)C9)A10)C11)D目的、结果、比较状语从句【经典剖析】1．引导目的状语从句的连词有：inorderthat目的是为了，sothat，以便以inorderthat，sothat引导的目的状语从句谓语通常用may，might加动词构成，也可用can/could或will／would加动词构成。Heworkshardinorderthathecanservehiscountrywell.他努力工作，目的是为了能更好地为国家服务。Theystartedearlysothattheymightarriveintime.他们很早出发，以便按时到达。[注意]“for+动名词”不用于表目的，但“for+名词”可用于表目的。WriteitinsimpleEnglishtomake(不能用formaking)everybodyunderstand.为了能让每个人都理解，请用简单的英语写。Bettergetupearlyfortheearlytrain.为了能赶上早班火车，请早一点起床。2．引导结果状语从句的词：sothat以致，so…that如此……以致， such…that如此……以致Hemadeawrongdecision,sothathalfofhispropertywaslost.他做了个错误的决定，以至于他丢失了一半的财产。Theboxissoheavythatnobodycanmoveit.这个箱子是如此重，（以至于）无人能移动它。Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveit.这个箱子如此重，（以至于）无人能移动它。[注意]sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，其区别在于：引导结果状语从句时通常用逗号同主句分开。3．引导比较状语从句的词有：than比，as…as“像……一样”，notso…as“不像……一样”，themore…themore“越……越”Iknowyoubetterthanhedoes.我比他更了解你。Wewalkedasfastaswecould.我们尽可能地快步行走。Theworkisnotsoeasyasyouthought.这工作没有你想的那么简单。Nothingissopreciousashealth没有什么能像健康一样珍贵。Theharderyoustudy,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.你越努力学习，进步就越大。针对性练习1．选择最佳答案填空：1)I'llleavehimanotehe'llknowwhereweare.A.sothatB.soasC.inorderD.for2)Thequestionwasdifficultthatnobodycouldanswer.A.very;themB.very;itC.so;themD.so;it3)Mikeisboythatwealllikehim.A.agoodsoB.sogoodaC.asuchgoodD.suchgooda4)Theywerebusystudyingtheycouldn'tgototherestaurantwithus.A.so;thatB.such;asC.very;thatD.enough;as5)Itwasthathehadtoaskforhelp.A.sodifficultworkB.sodifficultaworkC.suchadifficultworkD.suchadifficultjob6)Hestartedearlyhecouldgettherebeforenine.A.inorderthatB.becauseC.soastoD.inorderto7)Robertisgoodatlanguages,weallknow.A.becauseB.forC.asD.since8)Itlooksit'sgoingtorain.A.thatB.asC.asifD.that【Keys】1.1)inorderthat2)sothat3)so...that4)so...that5)such...that2.1)A2)D3)B4)A5)D6)A7)C8)C