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......状语从句用法详解内容提要：一、时间状语从句二、地点状语从句三、方式状语从句四、程度状语从句五、原因状语从句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句八、条件状语从句九、让步状语从句十、比较状语从句一、时间状语从句:1、时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：after,before,as,once,till,until,(ever)since,when,whenever,while,now(that),aslongas,assoonas。如：Now(that)you’vegrownup,youmuststopthischildishbehaviour.Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.Comeandseeuswheneveryouhavetime.学习好帮手 ......Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloseit.2、有些词，如immediately,directly,instantly等，当用于assoonas意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.I’lltelephoneyoudirectlyIhearthenews.Willyoulookforitimmediatelyyougetthere?3．某些表示时间的名词词组，如the(very)moment(=assoonas),theminute(=assoonas),theinstant(=assoonas),theday,theyear,themorning,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime等，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：I’lltellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome.IstartedtheinstantIheardthereport.Theinstantshesawhimsheknewhewasherbrother.EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.I’mgoingtoseehimnexttimehecomestoShenzhen.HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarⅡbrokeout.学习好帮手 ......HehadimpressedmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim.IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.I’lltellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.4．有些关联从属连词，如nosooner…than/hardly…when/scarcely…when/barely…when等，也能引导时间状语从句。△如果把nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：Shehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.=Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.Theyhadhardlystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.=Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.Hehadscarcelyenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.=Scarcelyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.学习好帮手 ......二、地点状语从句:1、地点状语从句常用where,wherever来引导，如：Wewillstaywhereyoustay.(where=intheplaceinwhich;where既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。)IfoundmybookswhereIleftthem.Whereverhehappenstobe,Johncanmakehimselfathome.Hewillworkwhereverthepeopleneedhim.Letmegowherever(=toanyplacetowhich)theylike(togo).2、有时，-where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived/warmlywelcomed.We’llgoanywherethePartydirectsus.学习好帮手 ......三、方式状语从句:1、方式状语从句通常由as,asif,asthough来引导，如：YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.Itlooksasifitmightsnow/isgoingtosnow.Heactedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn’tgrownup.2、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等来引导，如：Jeandoesn’tdoitthewayIdo.SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.Youcandothejobhowyoulike.Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatchesamouse.Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?like作连词的用法补充说明：1).Conjunction(informal)(非正式)：inthesamewaythat;as同…一样，如学习好帮手 ......Peoplewhochangecountriesliketheychangeclothes.换国籍像换衣服一样的人。2).asthough;asif好像，如同IfeltlikeI'dbeenkickedbyacamel.我觉得好像被骆驼踢了似的。四、程度状语从句：程度状语从句可用tosuchanextentthat…/tosuchadegreethat…,tothedegree/extentthat,insofaras（“在…的范围内”）等来引导，如：Thetemperaturerosetosuchanextentthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.Thetemperatureloweredtosuchadegreethatthewaterfroze.试比较：Thetemperaturerosesohighthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.Thetemperatureloweredsomuchthatthewaterfroze.从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。学习好帮手 ......Atthattimepoliticianswerenotknowntothedegreethattheyaretoday.那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。I'llhelpyouinsofarasIcan.我会尽我所能帮助你。五、原因状语从句：1、引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because,since,和as，所引导的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中because语势最强，since次之，as又次之。△because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的，全句强调的重点在原因上，不在主句表示的结果上。回答why提出的问题时，只能用because；在强调句型中也只能用because从句，不能用since,as等，如：BecauseIcan’tseeverywell,Ihavetositnearthefront.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tcome.学习好帮手 ......△since和as引导的句子，重点在主句的内容，其原因或理由在说话人看来已很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，since和as只是一种附带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，如：Asheisworkinghard,heislikelytosucceed.Sincehecan’tanswerthequestion,you’dbetterasksomeoneelse.As/Sincehewasnotathome,Ispoketohisbrother.Sinceyouinsist,Iwillreconsiderthematter.Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbagathome.△for是并列连词，它引导的句子只能后置。表示因果关系时，可以和because换用；但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时，不能用because代替，如：Hecouldn’thaveseenme,because/forIwasnothere.Thegroundiswet,for/becauseitrainedlastnight.Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.△because之前可以加上simply,only,just等强调词，如：Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.2、复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,byreasonthat,forfearthat,that等，如：学习好帮手 ......Now(that)(=Since)youmentionit,Idoremember.Now(that)heisabsent,you’llhavetodotheworkbyyourself.Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,let’sstart.Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let’shavedinner.Shedidn’tgoforfearthatshewouldgetlost.Hehasdoneverywell,considering(that)hehasnoexperience.Ihaven’tfinishedwritingthereportyet,notthat(=notbecause)Idislikethework,butthat(=butbecause)Ihavenottime.Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.3、在“主语+be+形容词+that”句型中，主语通常是人，形容词通常为：glad,happy,pleased,sorry等表示感情的形容词，这时that可以看作原因状语从句，如：Wearegladthat(=because)wehavereapedanotherbumperharvest.I’mglad(that)youareallright.Wearesurethatourteamwillwin.I’mpleasedthatyouhavedecidedtocome.学习好帮手 ......六、结果状语从句结果状语从句往往放在主句之后，通常主句是因，从句是果，这和原因状语从句刚好相反，例如：Hewasill,sothathedidn’tcome.Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.1、结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导：so…that,such(a)…that,suchthat,sothat,that等，例如：Hewassoangrythathelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.ThebookiswritteninsuchsimpleEnglishthatwebeginnerscanunderstanditwithoutmuchdifficulty.Itwassuchabadaccidentthatseveralpeoplegotinjured.Hisdiligencewassuchthathemadegreatprogress.Hedidn’tplanhistimewell,sothathedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.Sheworriedsothatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.WhathaveIdonethatyoushouldbesoangrywithme?2、应注意的几个问题：①在非正式文体中，由so…that,such(a)…that引导的结果状语从句，往往可以省略连词that，这时，从句之前往往用逗号与主句隔开，在口语中则用停顿表示省略。学习好帮手 ......Hewassotired(,)(that)hecouldhardlystand.Peterissuchagoodboy(,)(that)heislovedbyeverybody.Youwalksofast(that)Ican’tkeeppacewithyou.Weleftinsuchahurry(that)weforgottolockthedoor.Hewassorude(that)sherefusedtospeaktohim.②当so修饰动词时，后面应稍停顿，如：HisheartbeatsoΔthathecouldhardlybreathe.SheworriedsoΔthatshecouldhardlyeathersupper.③当so位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如：Sobadlywasheinjuredthathehadtogotothehospital.SosmallwasthemarkthatIcouldhardlyseeit.学习好帮手 ......七、目的状语从句1、目的状语从句通常使用的连词有：sothat,inorderthat,that,so。否定的句式常用lest,incase,forfearthat来引导。△目的状语从句中一般要有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情态动词，如：Bringitcloser(so)thatImayseeitbetter.IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit.Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscan/mayunderstandwell.We’llsitnearerthefrontsowecanhearbetter.(非正式或口语)Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit(should)gowrongontheway.PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.Takeanumbrellawithyou,incase(=forfearthat)itrains/itmayrain/itshouldrain.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.2、sothat/so既可以引导目的状语从句，又可以引导结果状语从句，其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断，也可以从其结构上来判断。学习好帮手 ......①凡在讲话时，sothat/so从句之前有停顿，在文字中sothat/so从句之前有逗号，则为结果状语从句，否则为目的状语从句，如：Weallarrivedateight,so(that)themeetingbeganpromptly.(结果状语从句)We’llcomeateightso(that)themeetingcanbeginearly.(目的状语从句)②有时，由sothat或so引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号，这时，就要看从句中有没有can,may,could,might,will,would,should等情态动词，如果有，多半是目的状语从句，如果没有，多半是结果状语从句，如：IamgoingtothelectureearlysothatI’llgetagoodseat.(目的状语从句)IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat.(结果状语从句)③目的状语从句可以移至句首，而结果状语从句不能前移，如：Sothathecouldbeheardineveryroom,Johnspokethroughamicrophone.(目的状语从句)Johnspokethroughamicrophonesothathewasheardineveryroom.(结果状语从句)学习好帮手 ......八、条件状语从句1、条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导：if,unless,supposing(that)（仅在问句中使用），suppose(that),incase,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)等，例如：Incasehecomes,letmeknow.Youcangoout,as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbeforeeleven.Iwillcomeagaintomorrowprovided(that)Ihavetime.(=if)Supposing(that)itrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?(=if)Unlessyoutellhimyourself,he’lllosefaithinyoucompletely.We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthat/providedthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.2、有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.(=Ifyoucometomorrow,Iwilltellyou.)Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.(=Ifyougivehimaninch,he’lltakeamile.)注：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or或otherwise，如：Hurryup,or(else)you’llbelate.Makeupyourmind,oryou’llmissthechance.学习好帮手 ......Startatonce,or/otherwiseyou’llmissthetrain.(=Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,you’llmissthetrain.)(=Unlessyoustartatonce,you’llmissthetrain.)3、ifonly是if的强调式，通常表示说话人强烈的愿望,“但愿,真希望”，如：Ifonlyitclearsup,we’llgo.Ifonlysomebodyhadtoldus,wecouldhavewarnedyou.如果有人告诉了我们，我们就会让你提防的。注：ifonly引导的状语从句有时可以不依附于主句而独立存在，表示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾等心情，如：Ifonlyhecomesintime.(=Ihopehewillcomeintime.)Ifonlyhedidn’tdrivesofast.(=Iwishhedidn’tdrivesofast.)IfonlyIhadn’tbeenlateforwork.(=IwishIhadn’tbeenlateforwork.)4、在真实条件句中，从句动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句通常带有情态动词，如：Ifyoumove,I’llshootyou.IfIpressthisbutton,whatwillhappen?Ifyoucome,youcanseeit.学习好帮手 ......Ifyoufinishearly,youmaygo.注①当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时，如：IwillreturnthebookonMondayifIhavereadit.Thepolicewon’ttakeyourcarawayifyouaresittinginit.注②如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用will/shall，如：Ifyouwillreadthebook,I’llletyouhaveit.Ifyouwillhelpme,wecanfinishbysix.Ifyouwillgiveupsmoking/drinking,yourhealthwillimprove.5、有一种条件句，其从句动词不管主语的人称和数如何，一律用“should+不定式”，主句动词可根据意义需要采取不同形式，如：Ifheshouldhearofyourmarriage,hewouldbesurprised.Ifyoushouldhearthenews,pleaseletusknow.Ifyoushouldbeinterested,I’lltellyouthewholestory.Ifitshouldrain,wehadbetterstayindoors.Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtellhimeverything.注：在正式文体中，可用shouldI(we,youetc)代替IfI(we,youetc.)should…，如：学习好帮手 ......ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Iwillcome.ShouldyouseeMike,willyouaskhimtoringmeup?Shouldyouseemymother,tellherIamquitewell.6、非真实条件句：①当从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或were型虚拟式，主句动词用would/should/could/might+不定式，如：IfIwereyou,Ishouldconsultadoctor.IfIlivedinthetwenty-firstcentury,mylifemightbedifferentinanumberofways.②当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时，从句动词用过去完成时，主句动词用would/should/could/might+不定式完成式，如：Ifhehadtriedhardlastterm,hewouldhavesucceeded.Ifhehadtakenhisdoctor’sadvice,hemightnothavedied.③当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或were/wasto+不定式，主句动词用would/should/could/might+不定式，如：Whatwouldyoudoifitsnowedtomorrow?Hewouldn’tdoitunlessyouweretoorderhimto.学习好帮手 ......④在正式文体中可用“were+主语”等倒装结构代替“if+主语+were”等结构；“had+主语+ed分词”代替“if+主语+had+ed分词”结构，如：WereIinyourplace,Iwouldbeveryworried.WereJohntogototheuniversity,hewouldhavetoworkhard.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavebeensunk.Haditnotbeenfortheexpense,IshouldhavegonetoItaly.7、unless与if…not的用法比较：Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.Unlessyoustartatonce,youwillmissthetrain.unless在意义上相当于if…not，在有些场合两者可以交替使用，但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况：①当if…not引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可以改用unless，例如：Ifsheweren’tsosilly,shewouldunderstand.(事实上她很傻，改成Unlesssheweresosilly…含义为她不傻)IfIhadn’tstoppedher,shewouldhavejumpedintotheriver.(事实上我阻止了她，改成UnlessIhadstoppedher…含义为我没有阻止她。)学习好帮手 ......②unless表示除外的唯一条件，因此通常不能用and连接两个unless从句，而if…not则不受此限，如：Shewon’tloseweightifshedoesnotkeepadietandifshedoesnottakeexerciseseveryday.Shewon’tloseweightunlessshekeepsadietandtakesexerciseseveryday.(不说：unlessshekeepsadietandunlessshetakesexerciseseveryday.)③unless从句中可用否定词，而if…not从句中不可再加否定词，因此在unless引导的否定从句中，不可用if…not代替unless，如：Iwillgounlessnooneelsedoes.Iwillgoifnooneelsedoesn’t.×Don’taskmetoexplainunlessyoureallydon’tunderstand.Don’taskmetoexplainifyoureallynotdon’tunderstand.×④在if…not从句中通常用非肯定词，而在unless引导的肯定形式的条件从句中，通常用肯定词，而不用非肯定词，如：Iwillbeveryangryifyouhaven’tspokentoheryet.Iwillbeveryangryunlessyouhavealreadyspokentoher.学习好帮手 ......九、让步状语从句1.引导让步状语从句的主要连词有although,though,as,eventhough/if等。Heisunhappythoughhehasalotofmoney.虽然他很有钱，但他不快乐。Theywillstandbyyouevenifyoufail.即使你没成功，他们也会支持你。注意：although/though不可与but连用，但可与yet,still等连用。例如。Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍然继续踢足球。2.as引导让步状语从句时，需倒装，从句中的表语和状语或动词原形要置于句首；though引导时，倒装或不倒装皆可。如表语是名词，不可加冠词；若动词原形前置，从句要有may或might。例如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.尽管是个孩子，他却懂得很多。Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.不管怎么努力，他还是找不到工作。3.when和while也可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。例如：学习好帮手 ......Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idonotknowthemwell.虽然他们是我的邻居，但我并不很熟悉他们。4.whether…or…可引导让步状语从句，意为：不管是……还是……，不论是否……。例如：Youwillhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryouarefreeorbusy.不管你忙不忙，你都要参加这个典礼。5.whatever,whoever,whichever,however,when-ever,wherever等与nomatterwhat/who/which…等也可引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……,不论……”。Whatever/Nomatterwhatyousay,hewillnotbelieveyou.不论你说什么，他都不会相信你。5)其它引导短语：granted/grantingthat,admitting(that),inspiteof/despitethefactthatGranted(假定;就算)thathehasenoughmoneytobuythehouse,itdoesn’tmeanhe’sgoingtodoso.Hewentoutinspiteofthefactthathehadabadcold.学习好帮手 ......十、比较状语从句比较状语从句一般由从属连词as或than来引导，这种从句常采用省略句的句型，如：Heworkedasfastasaskilledworker.Theprojectwascompletedearlierthanwehadexpected.Heisasyoungasyou(areyoung).Pleasecomeassoonas(itis)possible.区别：Weknowyoubetterthanhe(knowsyou).Weknowyoubetterthan(weknow)him.注①在否定句中，用as…as或so…as均可，但后者语气更强调，如：Heisnotas/soyoungasyou.注②the…the…句型也是比较状语从句的一种，例如：Theharderwework,thebetterweshallservethepeople.其中the为连接副词，既起连接作用，又修饰后面的副词。注意省略：Thesoonerhecomes,thebetter(itwillbe).Thehighertheground(is),thecoolertheair(willbe).学习好帮手 ......十一、asfaras或sofaras可以引导状语从句，有些语法书将其称之为“限制状语从句”。asfaras/Sofaras表示“在……的范围内”，引导限制状语从句。多用于下列结构：asfaras/sofarasIknow（据我所知），asfaras/sofarasIcansee,asfaras/sofarasI’mconcerned（依我看）。例如：Asfaras/SofarasIknow,thecouplehavebeenabroadforaboutfiveyears.据我所知，这对夫妇已经出国约五年了。There’sonlyonethingtobedonenow,asfarasIcansee.依我看。现在只有一件事情要做。Asfaras/SofarasIcansee,thisisathorny(棘手的)problem.宁可累死在路上，也不能闲死在家里！宁可去碰壁，也不能面壁。是狼就要练好牙，是羊就要练好腿。什么是奋斗？奋斗就是每天很难，可一年一年却越来越容易。不奋斗就是每天都很容易，可一年一年越来越难。能干的人，不在情绪上计较，只在做事上认真；无能的人！不在做事上认真，只在情绪上计较。拼一个春夏秋冬！赢一个无悔人生！早安！—————献给所有努力的人.学习好帮手
