2003年考研英语试题及答案

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2003年考研·英语试题及答案    　　SectionIListeningComprehension　　Directions:　　ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartB,andPartC.　　Remember,whileyoushouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhavefiveminutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoAnswerSheetI.　　NowlookatPartAtyourtestbooklet.　　PartA　　Directions:　　ForQuestion1-5,youwillhearatalkaboutBostonMuseumofFineArt.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.WriteOnly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)　　BostonMuseumofFineArtsFounded(year)1870Openedtothepublic(year)Question1　　Movedtothecurrentlocation(year)1909Thewestwingcompleted(year)Question2Numberofdepartments9ThemostremarkabledepartmentQuestion3　　ExhibitionSpace(m2)Question4Approximatenumberofvisitors/year800,000ProgramsprovidedclasseslecturesQuestion5films　　PartB　　Directions　　ForQuestions6-10,youwillhearaninterviewwithanexpertonmarriageproblems.Whileyoulisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions. USenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)　　Whatshouldbetheprimarysourceofhelpforatroubledcouple?__________.Question6　　Writingdownalistofproblemsinthemarriagemayhelpatroubledcouplediscussthem_______.Question7　　Whoshouldacoupleconsiderseriouslyturningtoiftheycan'ttalkwitheachother?_________.Question8　　Priestsareusuallyunsuccessfulincounselingtroubledcouplesdespitetheir_______.Question9　　Accordingtotheoldnotion,whatwillmakeheartsgrowfonder?_______.Question10　　PartC　　Directions:　　Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetocheckyouranswersyouwillheareachpieceonceonly.(10points)　　Questions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnapping,younowhave15secondstoreadquestions11-13.　　11.Childrenunderfivehaveabundantenergypartlybecausethey_________.　　A.Sleepinthreedistinctparts.　　B.havemanyfive-minutenaps.　　C.sleepinonelongblock.　　D.takeoneortwonapsdaily.　　12.Accordingtothespeaker,thesleeppatternofababyisdeterminedby_______.　　A.itsgenes　　B.itshabit 　　C.itsmentalstate　　D.itsphysicalcondition　　13.Thetalksuggeststhat,ifyoufeelsleepythroughtheday,youshould______.　　A.takesomerefreshment.　　B.gotobedearly　　C.havealongrest　　D.giveintosleep.　　Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowinginterviewwithShermanAlexie.anAmericanIndianpoet.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.14.WhydidShermanAlexieonlytakedayjobs?　　A.heCouldbringunfinishedworkhome.　　B.Hemighthavetimetopursuehisinterests.C.Hemightdosomeeveningteaching.D.Hecouldinvestmoreemotioninhisfamily.15.Whatwashisoriginalgoalatcollege?　　A.toteachinhighschool.　　B.towritehisownbooks.　　C.tobeamedicaldoctor.　　D.tobeamathematician.　　16.Whydidhetakethepoetry-writingclass?　　A.Tofollowhisfather.B.Foraneasygrade.C.Tochangehisspecialty.　　D.Forknowledgeofpoetry.　　Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutpublicspeaking.youknowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.　　17.Whatisthemostimportantthinginpublicspeaking?　　A.Confidence.　　B.Preparation. 　　C.Informativeness.　　D.Organization.　　18.Whatdoesthespeakeradviseustodotocapturetheaudience'sattention？　　A.Gatherabundantdata.　　B.Organizetheidealogically.　　C.Developagreatopening.　　D.Selectappropriatematerial.19.Ifyoudon'tstartworkingforthepresentationuntilthedaybefore,youwillfeel_____.　　A.uneasy　　B.uncertain　　C.frustrated　　D.depressed　　20.Whoisthisspeech,ostprobablymeantfor?　　A.Thoseinterestedinthepowerofpersuasion.B.Thosetryingtoimprovetheirpublicimage.　　C.Thoseplanningtotakeupsomepublicwork.　　D.Thoseeagertobecomeeffectivespeakers.　　Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.　　SectionIIUseofEnglish　　Directions:　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)　　Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious21tohowtheycanbebest22suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand23,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.24theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges, teenagersareespeciallyself-conciousandneedthe25thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare26byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe27toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,28,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,29studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide30opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful31dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe32ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult33visibleinthebackground.　　Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave34attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized35participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto36elsewithoutfeelingguityandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants37.thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibity.38theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby39forrolesthatarewithintheir40andtheirattentionspansandbyshavingsclearlystatedrules.　　21.A.thoughtB.ideaC.opinionD.advice　　22.A.strengthenB.accommodateC.stimulateD.enhance　　23.A.careB.nutritionC.exerciseD.leisure　　24.A.IfB.AlthoughC.WhereasD.Because　　25.A.assistanceB.guidanceC.confidenceD.tolerance　　26.A.claimedB.admiredC.ignoredD.surpassed　　27.A.improperB.riskyC.fairD.wise　　28.A.ineffectB.asaresultC.forexampleD.inasense　　29.A.displayingB.describingC.creatingD.exchanging　　30.A.durableB.exessiveC.surplusD.multiple　　31.A.sgroupsB.individualC.personnelD.corporation　　32.A.consentB.insuranceC.admissionD.security　　33.A.particularlyB.barelyC.definitelyD.rarely　　34.A.similiarB.longC.differentD.short 　　35.A.ifonlyB.nowthatC.sothatD.evenif　　36.A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.something　　37.A.offB.downC.outD.alone　　38.A.OnthecontraryB.OntheaverageC.OnthewholeD.Ontheotherhand　　39.A.makingB.standingC.planningD.taking　　40.A.capabilityB.responsibilityC.proficiencyD.efficiency　　21-25DBCC?C　　26-30BDCAD　　31-35B?CBCC　　36-40DBACA　　SectionIIIReadingComprehension　　Directions:Readthefollowingforetexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANAWERSHEET1(40points)　　Text1　　WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage-----spyingasa"profession."ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.　　Thelastrevolutionisn'tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen'se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theworldwidewebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit"opensourceintelligence,"andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.in1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpen-SourceSolutions，whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.　　AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford, Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.straitford.com.　　StraiffordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster'sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine."Assoonasthatreportruns,we'llsuddenlyget500newinternetsign-upsfromUkraine,"saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor."Andwe'llhearbackfromsomeofthem."Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That'sswheresStraitfordearnsitskeep.　　FriedmanreliesonaleanstaffinAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford'sbriefsdon'tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-andforthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.　　41.TheemergenceoftheNethas　　A.receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan.　　B.remoldedtheintelligenceservices.　　C.restoredmanycommonpastimes.　　D.revivedspyingasaprofession.　　42.Donovan'sstoryismentionedinthetextto　　A.introducethetopicofonlinespying.　　B.showhowhefoughtfortheU.S.　　C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar.　　D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA.　　43.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans　　A.causingthebiggesttrouble.　　B.exertingthegreatesteffort. 　　C.achievingthegreatestsuccess.　　D.enjoyingthewidestpopularity.　　44.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4that　　A.Straitford'spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue.　　B.Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation.　　C.Straitford'sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability.　　D.Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation.　　45.Straitfordismostproudofits　　A.officialstatus.　　B.nonconformistimage.　　C.efficientstaff.　　D.militarybackground.　　BACDB　　Text2Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.　　Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon'sunderstand.　　Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway-inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimal researchandagrandmother'shipreplacement,afather'sbypassoperationababy'svaccinations,andevenapet'sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.　　Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.　　46.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke'swordsto　　A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions.　　B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights.　　C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch.　　D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement.　　47.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis　　A.cruelbutnatural.　　B.inhumanandunacceptable.　　C.inevitablebutvicious.　　D.pointlessandwasteful.　　48.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic's　　A.discontentwithanimalresearch.　　B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience.　　C.indifferencetoepidemics.　　D.anxietyaboutanimalrights. 　　49.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould　　A.communicatemorewiththepublic.　　B.employhi-techmeansinresearch.　　C.feelnoshamefortheircause.　　D.strivetodevelopnewcures.　　50.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis　　A.awell-knownhumanist.　　B.amedicalpractitioner.　　C.anenthusiastinanimalrights.　　D.asupporterofanimalresearch.　　ABBAD　　Text3　　Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingsintossupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.　　Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.　　Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment'sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.　　Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthe groundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone'scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It'stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.　　Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehiswitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes.stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail'snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjustmillion,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who'sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.　　51.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause　　A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition.　　B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination.　　C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist.　　D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat.　　52.Whatismanycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?　　A.Indifferent.　　B.Supportive.　　C.Indignant.　　D.Apprehensive.　　53.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that　　A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad. 　　B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide.　　C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief.　　D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness.　　54.Theword“arbiters”(line7,paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose　　A.whoworkascoordinators.　　B.whofunctionasjudges.　　C.whosupervisetransactions.　　D.whodeterminetheprice.　　55.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby　　A.thecontinuingacquisition.　　B.thegrowingtraffic.　　C.thecheeringWallStreet.　　D.theshrinkingmarket.　　CCDBA　　Text4ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptionalSmallwonder.Americans'lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutssurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath-andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.　　Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit'suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians-frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient-toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.　　In1950,theU.S.spent.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage-----say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.　　Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO'Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.　　Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Askaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople'slives.　　56.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?　　A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.　　B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.　　C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.　　D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.　　57.Theauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshowthat　　A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted.　　B.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases.　　C.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive.　　D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable.　　58.Theauthor'sattitudetowardRichardLamm'sremarkisoneof　　A.strongdisapproval.　　B.reservedconsent. 　　C.slightcontempt.　　D.enthusiasticsupport.　　59.IncontrastotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare　　A.moreflexibly.　　B.moreextravagantly.　　C.morecautiously.　　D.morereasonably.　　60.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat　　Amedicinewillfurtherprolongpeople'slives.　　B.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving.　　C.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife.　　D.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare.　　DABDC　　PartB　　Directions:　　ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthetranslatetheunderlinessegmentssintosChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)　　Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.(61)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.　　“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwords“anthropos”:“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname,anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.　　Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.(62)Socialscienceisthatbranch ofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassioned(原文如此)mannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.　　Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.　　Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.(63)Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.　　Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.(64)Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight,soprofoundinitssimplicity,openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned.shared,andpatternedbehavior.　　(65)Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.　　SectionIVWriting　　66.Directions:　　1)describethesetofdrawings,Interpretitsmeaning,and　　2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.　　Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points) 2003年考研·英语试题答案    SectionI ListeningComprehension（20points）PartA（5points）1.18762.19813.textiles4.19,1375.concertsPartB(5 points)6.(thecouple)themselves7.constructively8.aqualifiedpsychologist9.goodintentions10.absencePartC(10points)11.D　12.A　13.D　14.B　15.C　16.B　17.B　18.C　19.A　20.D SectionII UseofEnglish（10points）21.A　22.B　23.C　24.D　25.C　26.B　27.D　28.C　29.A　30.D　31.A　32.D　33.B　34.D　35.C　36.D　37.B　38.A　39.C　40.A SectionIII ReadingComprehension（50points）PartA（40points）41.B　42.A　43.C　44.D　45.B　46.A　47.B　48.B　49.A　50.D　51.C　52.D　53.C　54.B　55.A　56.C　57.A　58.B　59.D　60.CPartB（10points）61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。62.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。63.强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。64.泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。65.因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。SectionIV Writing（20points）66.(略)(人民网)