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★精品文档★美国总统林肯精选演讲稿 InauguralSpeechbyAbrahamLincoln March4th1861 Speech： IncompliancewithacustomasoldastheGovernmentitself,IappearbeforeyoutoaddressyoubrieflyandtotakeinyourpresencetheoathprescribedbytheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatestobetakenbythePresident“beforeheentersontheexecutionofthisoffice.” Idonotconsideritnecessaryatpresentformetodiscussthosemattersofadministrationaboutwhichthereisnospecialanxietyorexcitement. ApprehensionseemstoexistamongthepeopleoftheSouthernStatesthatbytheaccessionofaRepublicanAdministrationtheirpropertyandtheirpeaceandpersonalsecurityaretobeendangered.Therehasneverbeenanyreasonablecauseforsuchapprehension.Indeed,themostampleevidencetothecontraryhasallthewhileexistedandbeenopentotheirinspection.Itisfoundinnearlyall2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12 ★精品文档★thepublishedspeechesofhimwhonowaddressesyou.IdobutquotefromoneofthosespeecheswhenIdeclarethat: Ihavenopurpose,directlyorindirectly,tointerferewiththeinstitutionofslaveryintheStateswhereitexists.IbelieveIhavenolawfulrighttodoso,andIhavenoinclinationtodoso. ThosewhonominatedandelectedmedidsowithfullknowledgethatIhadmadethisandmanysimilardeclarationsandhadneverrecantedthem;andmorethanthis,theyplacedintheplatformformyacceptance,andasalawtothemselvesandtome,theclearandemphaticresolutionwhichInowread: Resolved,ThatthemaintenanceinviolateoftherightsoftheStates,andespeciallytherightofeachStatetoorderandcontrolitsowndomesticinstitutionsaccordingtoitsownjudgmentexclusively,isessentialtothatbalanceofpoweronwhichtheperfectionandenduranceofourpoliticalfabricdepend;andwedenouncethelawlessinvasionbyarmedforceofthesoilofanyStateorTerritory,nomatterwhatpretext,as2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12 ★精品文档★amongthegravestofcrimes. Inowreiteratethesesentiments,andindoingsoIonlypressuponthepublicattentionthemostconclusiveevidenceofwhichthecaseis susceptiblethattheproperty,peace,andsecurityofnosectionaretobeinanywiseendangeredbythenowincomingAdministration.Iadd,too,thatalltheprotectionwhich,consistentlywiththeConstitutionandthelaws,canbegivenwillbecheerfullygiventoalltheStateswhenlawfullydemanded,forwhatevercause-ascheerfullytoonesectionastoanother. Thereismuchcontroversyaboutthedeliveringupoffugitivesfromserviceorlabour.TheclauseInowreadisasplainlywrittenintheConstitutionasanyotherofitsprovisions: NopersonheldtoserviceorlabourinoneState,underthelawsthereof,escapingintoanother,shallinconsequenceofanylaworregulationthereinbedischargedfromsuchserviceorlabour,butshallbedelivereduponclaimofthepartytowhomsuchserviceorlabourmaybe2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12 ★精品文档★due. Itisscarcelyquestionedthatthisprovisionwasintendedbythosewhomadeitforthereclaimingofwhatwecallfugitiveslaves;andtheintentionofthelawgiveristhelaw.AllmembersofCongresssweartheirsupporttothewholeConstitution-tothisprovisionasmuchastoanyother.Totheproposition,then,thatslaveswhosecasescomewithinthetermsofthisclause“shallbedeliveredup”theiroathsareunanimous.Now,iftheywouldmaketheeffortingoodtemper,couldtheynotwithnearlyequalunanimityframeandpassalawbymeansofwhichtokeepgoodthatunanimousoath ThereissomedifferenceofopinionwhetherthisclauseshouldbeenforcedbynationalorbyStateauthority,butsurelythatdifferenceisnotaverymaterialone.Iftheslaveistobesurrendered,itcanbeofbutlittleconsequencetohimortoothersbywhichauthorityitisdone.Andshouldanyoneinanycasebecontentthathisoathshallgoun-keptonamerelyunsubstantial2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12 ★精品文档★controversyastohowitshallbekept Again:Inanylawuponthissubjectoughtnotallthesafeguardsoflibertyknownincivilizedandhumanejurisprudencetobeintroduced,sothatafreemanbenotinanycasesurrenderedasaslaveAndmightitnotbewellatthesametimetoprovidebylawfortheenforcementofthatclauseintheConstitutionwhichguaranteesthat“thecitizensofeachStateshallbeentitledtoallprivilegesandimmunitiesofcitizensintheseveralStates” Itaketheofficialoathto-daywithnomentalreservationsandwithnopurposetoconstruetheConstitutionorlawsbyanyhypercriticalrules;andwhileIdonotchoosenowtospecifyparticularactsofCongressaspropertobeenforced,Idosuggestthatitwillbemuchsaferforall, bothinofficialandprivatestations,toconformtoandabidebyallthoseactswhichstandun-repealedthantoviolateanyofthemtrustingtofindimpunityinhavingthemheldtobeunconstitutional.2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12 ★精品文档★ Itisseventy-twoyearssincethefirstinaugurationofaPresidentunderourNationalConstitution.DuringthatperiodfifteendifferentandgreatlydistinguishedcitizenshaveinsuccessionadministeredtheexecutivebranchoftheGovernment.Theyhaveconducteditthroughmanyperils,andgenerallywithgreatsuccess.Yet,withallthisscopeofprecedent,Inowenteruponthesametaskforthebriefconstitutionaltermoffouryearsundergreatandpeculiardifficulty.AdisruptionoftheFederalUnion,heretoforeonlymenaced,isnowformidablyattempted.Top IholdthatincontemplationofuniversallawandoftheConstitutiontheUnionoftheseStatesisperpetual.Perpetuityisimplied,ifnotexpressed,inthefundamentallawofallnationalgovernments.Itissafetoassertthatnogovernmentpropereverhadaprovisioninitsorganiclawforitsowntermination.ContinuetoexecutealltheexpressprovisionsofourNationalConstitution,andtheUnionwillendureforever,itbeingimpossibletodestroyitexceptbysome2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12 ★精品文档★actionnotprovidedforintheinstrumentitself. Again:IftheUnitedStatesbenotagovernmentproper,butanassociationofStatesinthenatureofcontractmerely,canit,asacontract,bepeaceablyunmadebylessthanallthepartieswhomadeitOnepartytoacontractmayviolateit-breakit,sotospeak-butdoesitnotrequirealltolawfullyrescindit Descendingfromthesegeneralprinciples,wefindthepropositionthatinlegalcontemplationtheUnionisperpetualconfirmedbythehistoryoftheUnionitself.TheUnionismucholderthantheConstitution.Itwasformed,infact,bytheArticlesofAssociationin1774.ItwasmaturedandcontinuedbytheDeclarationofIndependencein1776.Itwasfurthermatured,andthefaithofallthethenthirteenStatesexpresslyplightedandengagedthatitshouldbeperpetual,bytheArticlesofConfederationin1778.Andfinally,in1787,oneofthedeclaredobjectsforordainingandestablishingtheConstitutionwas“toformamoreperfectUnion.”2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12 ★精品文档★ ButifdestructionoftheUnionbyoneorbyapartonlyoftheStatesbelawfullypossible,theUnionislessperfectthanbeforetheConstitution,havinglostthevitalelementofperpetuity. ItfollowsfromtheseviewsthatnoStateuponitsownmeremotioncan lawfullygetoutoftheUnion;thatresolvesandordinancestothateffectarelegallyvoid,andthatactsofviolencewithinanyStateorStatesagainsttheauthorityoftheUnitedStatesareinsurrectionaryorrevolutionary,accordingtocircumstances. IthereforeconsiderthatinviewoftheConstitutionandthelawstheUnionisunbroken,andtotheextentofmyability,Ishalltakecare,astheConstitutionitselfexpresslyenjoinsuponme,thatthelawsoftheUnionbefaithfullyexecutedinalltheStates.DoingthisIdeemtobeonlyasimpledutyonmypart,andIshallperformitsofaraspracticableunlessmyrightfulmasters,theAmericanpeople,shallwithholdtherequisitemeansorinsomeauthoritativemannerdirectthe2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12 ★精品文档★contrary.Itrustthiswillnotberegardedasamenace,butonlyasthedeclaredpurposeoftheUnionthatitwillconstitutionallydefendandmaintainitself. Indoingthisthereneedstobenobloodshedorviolence,andthereshallbenoneunlessitbeforceduponthenationalauthority.Thep owerconfidedtomewillbeusedtohold,occupy,andpossessthepropertyandplacesbelongingtotheGovernmentandtocollectthedutiesandimposts;butbeyondwhatmaybenecessaryfortheseobjects,therewillbenoinvasion,nousingofforceagainstoramongthepeopleanywhere.WherehostilitytotheUnitedStatesinanyinteriorlocalityshallbesogreatanduniversalastopreventcompetentresidentcitizensfromholdingtheFederaloffices,therewillbenoattempttoforceobnoxiousstrangersamongthepeopleforthatobject.WhilethestrictlegalrightmayexistintheGovernmenttoenforcetheexerciseoftheseoffices,theattempttodosowouldbesoirritatingandsonearlyimpracticable2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12 ★精品文档★withalthatIdeemitbettertoforegoforthetimetheusesofsuchoffices.Top Themails,unlessrepelled,willcontinuetobefurnishedinallpartsoftheUnion.Sofaraspossiblethepeopleeverywhereshallhavethatsenseofperfectsecuritywhichismostfavourabletocalmthoughtandreflection.Thecoursehereindicatedwillbefollowedunlesscurrenteventsandexperienceshallshowamodificationorchangetobeproper,andineverycaseandexigencymybestdiscretionwillbeexercised,accordingtocircumstancesactuallyexistingandwithaviewandahopeofapeacefulsolutionofthenationaltroublesandtherestorationoffraternalsympathiesandaffections. ThattherearepersonsinonesectionoranotherwhoseektodestroytheUnionatalleventsandaregladofanypretexttodoitIwillneitheraffirmnordeny;butiftherebesuch,Ineedaddressnowordtothem. Tothose,however,whoreallylovetheUnionmayInotspeak2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12 ★精品文档★ Beforeenteringuponsograveamatterasthedestructionofournationalfabric,withallitsbenefits,itsmemories,anditshopes,woulditnotbewisetoascertainpreciselywhywedoitWillyouhazardsodesperateastepwhilethereisanypossibilitythatanyportionoftheillsyouflyfromhavenorealexistenceWillyou,whilethecertainillsyouflytoaregreaterthanalltherealonesyouflyfrom,willyouriskthecommissionofsofearfulamistake AllprofesstobecontentintheUnionifallconstitutionalrightscanbemaintained.Isittrue,then,thatanyrightplainlywrittenintheConstitutionhasbeendeniedIthinknot.Happily,thehumanmindissoconstitutedthatnopartycanreachtotheaudacityofdoingthis.Think,ifyoucan,ofasingleinstanceinwhichaplainlywrittenprovisionoftheConstitutionhaseverbeendenied.Ifbythemereforceofnumbersamajorityshoulddepriveaminorityofanyclearlywrittenconstitutionalright,itmightinamoralpointofviewjustifyrevolution;certainlywouldifsuch2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12 ★精品文档★rightwereavitalone.Butsuchisnotourcase.Allthevitalrightsofminoritiesandofindividualsaresoplainlyassuredtothembyaffirmationsandnegations,guarantiesandprohibitions,intheConstitutionthatcontroversiesneverariseconcerningthem.Butnoorganiclawcaneverbeframedwithaprovisionspecificallyapplicabletoeveryquestionwhichmayoccurinpracticaladministration.Noforesightcananticipatenoranydocumentofreasonablelengthcontainexpressprovisionsforallpossiblequestions.ShallfugitivesfromlaborbesurrenderedbynationalorbyStateauthorityTheConstitutiondoesnotexpresslysay.MayCongressprohibitslaveryintheTerritoriesTheConstitutiondoesnotexpresslysay.MustCongressprotectslaveryintheTerritoriesTheConstitutiondoesnotexpresslysay. 2016全新精品资料-全新公文范文-全程指导写作–独家原创12/12
