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1、POLYSEMYANDHOMONYMYChapterVI1Amanwhowasinvolvedinaseriousmotorcycleaccidentwasunabletospeakwhenhefirstregainedconsciousness.Wishingtoknowhowlonghehadbeenunconscious,hetookapieceofpaperandapencilfromthebedsideand,afterwriting“date”?onit,gaveittohisnurse.Shehandeditb
2、acktohimaftershehadwrittentheword“Married”onit.2Asmostwordsarearbitraryandconventionalsymbolswithoutanyintrinsicconnectionwithwhattheyreferto,itmaysometimeshappenthatmorethanonemeaningisattachedtoaword,ortwoormorewordsmayhavethesameformbutbedifferentinmeaning.Thefo
3、rmerisknownaspolysemy,andthelatter,homonymy.3PolysemyAlexicalitemhasarangeofdifferentmeanings,thatis,onesinglewordhastwoormoresensesatthesametime.blanket:羊毛毯；给……盖羊毛毯get:150meaningscut:120meaningsAsignofthesuperiorityofthatlanguage.“Themoremeaningsawordhasaccumulate
4、d,themorediverseaspectsofintellectualandsocialactivityitislikelytorepresent.”4Inordertoexpressnewideas,newprocesses,newproducts,andsoforth,languagecandothreethings:formanewword,borrowawordfromotherlanguages,oraddnewmeaningstoestablishedwords.Ofthethreeways,thesimpl
5、estoneistohaveoldwordstakeonadditionalmeaning.Thatiswhypolysemicwordsoflongstandingaresignsofanadvancedculture.5Twoapproaches1)Diachronicapproach(历时的)Fromthediachronicpointofview,polysemyisthoughttobetheresultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofaword.This
6、firstmeaningistheprimarymeaning(原始意义).Theselatermeaningsarecalledderivedmeanings(派生意义).6AnExampleFace:12meanings(1)thefrontofthehead(2)asurfaceofathing(3)theappearance(4)thefunctionalsurface(5)effrontery(6)thetopography…(1)istheprimarymeaningandalltherestarederived
7、lateronfromtheprimarymeaning.Allderivedmeanings(2-12)arerelatedtotheprimaryoneinonewayoranother.79/26/20212)synchronicapproach(共时的)Synchronically,polysemyisthoughtasthecoexistenceofvariousmeaningsofthesamewordinahistoricalperiodoftime.Thebasicmeaningofawordisconsid
8、eredtobethecoreofwordmeaning,calledthecentralmeaning(中心意义).Thederivedmeanings,nomatterhownumerous,aresecondarymeanings(次要意义).Theinterrelationorco
