教案Unit 3 Reading.doc

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Unit3FairnessforallPartOne:TeachingDesignPeriod1:Asamplelessonplanforreading(THESTARTOFTHECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENT)AimsTohelpstudentsdeveloptheirreadingabilityTohelpstudentslearnaboutfairnessProcedures■WarmingupbylearningabouthowtobeafairpersonHello,class.WehavecometoUnit3Fairnessforall.Butwhatisfairness?Whatdoesafairpersondo?Howdofairnessandunfairnessaffectourrelationshipswithothers?Haveyoueversaid,"that’sunfair"?Howdoyouknowwhensomethingisunfair?Hasanybodyevertrickedyouorcheatedyou?Howdidyoufeelaboutit?Let’sdiscusshowtobeafairpersonourselves.★Treatpeoplethewayyouwanttobetreated.★TakeTurns.★Tellthetruth.★Playbytherules.★Thinkabouthowyouractionswillaffectothers.★Listentopeoplewithanopenmind.★Don'tblameothersforyourmistakes.★Don'ttakeadvantageofotherpeople.★Don'tplayfavorites.■WarmingupbylearningaboutthesixpillarsofcharacterGoodmorning,class!Doyouknowthewords“character”?Howisyourcharacterformed?Yourcharacterisdefinedbywhatyoudo,notwhatyousayorbelieve.Therearesixpillarsorsupportingstonesofourcharacter.Andtheyare:•Trustworthiness•Respect•Responsibility •Fairness•Caring•Citizenship■WarmingupbylearningaboutsomeofthegreatmenMartinLutherKingisknownthroughouttheworldasafamouscivilrightsactivist.Hedidnotbelieveitwasfairthatblacksdidnothavethesamerightsaswhites.HerearesomeexamplesofwaysblacksweretreatedunfairlyinMLK'stime.▲Separatedrinkingfountains▲"Colored"balconiesinmovietheaters▲Mandatoryseatsinthebackofbuses▲SoldierswereneededtohelpyoungAfricanAmericansattendschoolsafely.I.Pre-reading---AmericanCivilRightsMovement(1896-1954)ThecivilrightsmovementintheUnitedStateshasbeenalong,primarilynonviolentstruggletobringfullcivilrightsandequalityunderthelawtoallAmericans.ThemovementhashadalastingimpactonUnitedStatessociety,bothinitstactics,theincreasedsocialandlegalacceptanceofcivilrightsitbroughtaboutanditsexposureoftheprevalenceandcostofracism.Ithasbeenmadeupofmanymovements,thoughitmostoftenreferstothestrugglesbetween1945and1970toenddiscriminationagainstAfrican-Americansandtoendracialsegregation,especiallyintheU.S.South.Thisarticlefocusesonanearlierphaseofthatparticularstruggle,usingtwoUnitedStatesSupremeCourtdecisions—Plessyv.Ferguson,163U.S.537(1896),whichenshrined"separatebutequal"racialsegregationasconstitutionaldoctrine,andBrownv.BoardofEducation,347U.S.483(1954)whichoverturnedPlessy—asmilestones.Thisisaneraofstopsandstarts,inwhichsomemovements,suchasMarcusGarvey'sUniversalNegroImprovementAssociation,achievedgreatsuccessbutleftlittlelastinglegacy,whileothers,such astheNAACP'slegalassaultonstate-sponsoredsegregation,achievedonlymodestresultsinitsearlyyearsbutgraduallybuilttoakeyvictoryinBrownv.BoardofEducation.AftertheCivilWartheUnitedStatesofferedcivilrightsandlawsprivledgestoAfro-Americans.TheGovernmentoftheUnitedStatespassedanamendmentendingslaveryin1865,itwastheThirteenAmendmentoftheUnitedStatesConstitution.Thisamendmentonlyoutlawedslavery,itdidnotprovidecitizenshipandequalrights.ThegovernmentoftheUnitedStatespassedanotheramendmentgivingAfro-AmericansresidingintheUnitedStatescitizenship.In1868,theFourteenAmendmentoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionwaspassed,offeringAfro-Americanscitizenship.BlacksbornintheUnitedStateshadequalprotectionunderthelawsoftheConstitution.andthe15thAmendment(1870),whichprovidedtherighttovotetoallcitizens,regardlessofrace.DuringReconstruction(1865-1877),NortherntroopsoccupiedtheSouthandenforcedthesenewconstitutionalamendments.Manyblackstookprominentpositionsinsociety,includingelectedoffice.ReconstructionendedfollowingtheCompromiseof1877betweenNorthernwhiteelitesandSouthernwhiteelites.ThecompromisecalledforthewithdrawalofNortherntroopsfromtheSouth,givingSouthernwhitesafreehandtoreinstitutediscriminatorypractices,inexchangefordecidingthecontentiousPresidentialelectioninfavorofRutherfordB.Hayes,supportedbyNorthernstates,overhisopponent,SamuelJ.Tilden.TheRadicalRepublicanswhospearheadedReconstructionhadattemptedtoeliminatebothgovernmentalandprivatediscriminationbylegislation.ThateffortwaslargelyendedbytheSupremeCourt'sdecisionintheCivilRightsCases,109U.S.3(1883),inwhichitheldthattheFourteenthAmendmentdidnotgiveCongresspowertooutlawracialdiscriminationbyprivate individualsorbusinesses.II.ReadingOnpage22thereisanarticleentitled“THESTARTOFTHECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENT”Youaregoingtoreadittotherecording.Nowreadthetextagainto:cut/thesentenceintothoughtgroups,blackenthepredicative,darkentheconnectivesandunderlinealltheusefulexpressions.THESTARTOFTHECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENTSunday,December4th,1955Today/wewenttochurch/whereourminister,MartinLutherKing,Jr,announcedthat/aboycottofthebuses/andtrolleybuseswillbegintomorrow.I’vealwayshatedhavingtosit/intheworstseats/onthebus/so/I’mhappytosupportit.DrKingencouragesus/tofightagainstthisunfairsystem/whichprohibitsus/blacks/fromsitting/wherewelike.Itisregardedasanoffence/ifwesit/atthefrontofabus/and/ifwebreakthislaw,wereceiveaheavypunishment.But/onThursday,I’mgladtosay,thisunjustseparationofpeople/onthebasisofskincolor/waschallenged.Ablacklady,RosaParks,gotonboardacitybus/andsatinthefifthrow/withthreeotherblacks.Gradually/theseats/forwhites/filleduntilonewhitemanremainedstanding.Bylaw/hecouldnotsitwithRosa/andbytradition/blackswereexpectedtomove.Allfour/wereaskedtostand.Theotherthree/submitted/butRosawasunwillingtodoso/andsherefused.Shewasarrested.Howbrave/shewas!I’mnotsure/ifIwouldhavehadenoughcourage/torefuse/likethat.King/andtheotherblackleaders/inMontgomery/haveseizedonthisincident/anddecidedonacollisioncourse/tochangethelaw.They’rehopefulthat/theycannegotiateafairer situation/ifalltheblacks/supportthem.ButIdoworryaboutwhatwillhappentomorrow.Willitbechaos?December5th,1955Thismorning/Iyawned/asIwoke/evenearlier/thanusual,butmysister,Serenawasalreadyup.Sheurgedme/todressquickly/andtowearmymostcomfortablesandals.Immediately/Ijumpedoutofbed.Iliketobepunctual/forwork/andnoboycottisgoingtomakemelate.Bycoincidence/abusarrived/aswereachedtheemptybusstop,butweignoredit.Normally/wewouldhavebeenonlytoohappy,asitwouldhaveguaranteedusaseat/forthewholejourney.But/nottoday!Taxispassed/allfullofpassengers/aswepedestriansmarchedonthepavement.Those/inthecars/waved/and/wesalutedthemback.Thewhites,ontheotherhand,shoutedabuseatus.Wefelttheirhostility/butitonlymadeusfirmer/inourresolve.Luckily/whenIfelt/Icouldwalknofurther,ablacktaxidriver/offeredusalift.Itseemedlikeananswer/toaprayer!Nochaos/afterall/andIevenarrivedatwork/ontime!Theboycottcontinuedverysuccessfully/forayear.MaryannJonesbecameaccustomedtotravellingtowork/withoutthebus.Meanwhile/thehostilityofthewhites/grew.January25th,1956Whatexcitement!Serenacamehome/tosaythat/thenews/thattheboycottwasover/wasgoingtobealloverthenewspapers/tomorrow.Iwaseagertoknowtheresult.“It’snottrue,”sheshoutedatme.“It’sjustastory/madeupbythewhites/tostopourcampaign.We’vebeentoosuccessful/forthem.MartinLutherKing,Jrcame/andtoldme/himself/thatitwasjustatrick.Wemustcontinue/tillwewin.”I’veneverseenher/asangryasthat,soIkeptquiet.Maybe/whitebusinessesaresufferingnow/sincewedon’tshopdowntown/anymore.Butitmustmean /we’rewinning.Iwon’tmindmytiredfeet/tomorrow.Iwonderwhether/they’lltryothertricks?Theydid.ThehousesofMartinLutherKing,Jr/andtheotherleaders/werebombed.But/thisdidnotstoptheboycott.EncouragedbyaSupremeCourtdecision/thatpubliceducation/mustbemixednationwide,theleaderswenttocourt/toargueagainstseparation/onbuses.ItwasnotuntilNovember13,1956/thattheUSSupremeCourt/declaredseparation/onbuses/wasnotconstitutional.November13th,1956Todayisaredletterday!Incourt/wewonafundamentalvictory/inthebattle/forourcivilrights.Ifblack/andwhitestudents/mustnowbeeducatedtogether,whyshouldpeoplebeseated/inbuses/accordingtothecoloroftheirskin?TheSupremeCourtagreed/itwaswrong,so/fromnowon/we’llbeabletosit/wherewelike/onbuses.Myhappinessiscomplete!Wemayonlyhavestruckonesmallblow/forliberty/but/whoknows/whereit’lllead?MaryannJoneswasright.Thesuccess/oftheMontgomerybusboycott/begantheCivilRightsMovement/thatledtotheimprovement/ofconditions/forblackpeople/ineducation,housing,jobs,voting/andhotels/throughouttheUSA.III.Copyingexpressionsandmakingsentencesgotochurch,hatedoingsth.,onthebus,encouragesb.todosth.,fightagainst…,prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.,beregardedassth.,atthefrontofsth.,breakthelaw,receiveaheavypunishment,begladtodosth,separationofpeople,onthebasisof…,skincolor,getonboardabus,filltheseat,bylaw,bytradition,beexpectedtodosth.,beaskedtodosth.,beunwillingtodosth.,haveenoughcouragetodosth.,decideonsth.,acollisioncourse,changethelaw, negotiateafairersituation,earlierthanusual,beup,urgesb.todosth.,jumpoutofbed,bepunctualforwork,makeonelate,bycoincidence,anemptybusstop,guaranteesb.sth.,marchonthepavement,ontheotherhand,shouteabuseatsb.,befirminone’sresolve,offeresb.alift,arriveatworkontime,becomeaccustomedtosth.,bealloverthenewspapers,beeagertodosth.,knowtheresult,shoutatsb.,makeupastory,keepquiet,tryanothertrick,publiceducation,gotocourt,theUSSupremeCourt,aredletterday,incourt,winafundamentalvictory,inabattleforsth.,civilrights,accordingto…,fromnowon,strikeasmallblow,thesuccessofsth.,theCivilRightsMovement,leadtosth.,theimprovementofconditionsforsb.IV.TransferringinformationTHESTARTOFTHECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENTSunday,December4th,1955WhatdidMartinLutherKing,Jr,announceoneday?MartinLutherKing,Jr,announcedthataboycottofthebusesandtrolleybuseswillbegintomorrow.December5th,1955WhatdidIfeelinthewhites?Wefelttheirhostilitybutitonlymadeusfirmerinourresolve.January25th,1956WhatdidMartinLutherKing,Jr,cometotellus?MartinLutherKing,Jrcameandtoldmehimselfthatitwasjustatrick.Wemustcontinuetillwewin.”November13th,1956Whatdidwinincourt?Incourtwewonafundamentalvictoryinthebattleforourcivilrights.V.Closingdownbygettingtoknow---whatisfairness?Oneofthemajorcausesofconflictisthattwopeoplethinkthingsarenotfair.Byfair,wecanalso includetheideasofjust,equal,good,ethicalormoral,andthemechanismsofhowweachievethisstate.Iamremindedofthefollowingproblem.Youhavetwochildren,andadeliciousicecreamcakesitsbeforethem.Thetaskis,howtodivideit,sothatthereisn'tafightoverwhogetsthelargerhalf.AmostremarkablesolutioncomesfromGameTheory.Theoptimumstrategy:letonechildcutthecake,whiletheotherchooseswhichpiecetotake!Thus,inordernottogetcheated,thecutterismotivatedtodividethecakeintotwohalvesthatareasnearlyequalaspossible.Greedinsuresfairdivision.Eachchildanticipateswhattheotherwilldo,(thecutteranticipatesthechooserwilltakethelargerpiece)andthisiswhatmakesitsuchaninterestinggame.Thechildrendonothavetoeventhinkaboutgenerosityorwhatisfair,justself-interest,andtheoutcomeisfair!Andifthechildrencannotdecidewhoisgoingtocut,wellthen,itwilljustmeltaway!AdditionalMaterialsAdditionalreadingFairnessforAllByScottBaanrudTomyfellowman,IamawhiteAmericanlivinginMinnesota.Iam29yearsoldandfeelthepainoftheMuslimplightofthepastdecades.IamahumblemanwhowillbethefirsttotellyouthatIdonothaveacompleteunderstandingofthehistoryoftheMuslimpeople.Idohaveadesiretounderstandmorefully.Thatiswhatbroughtmetoyoursite.Ibelieveinhumanityandfairnessforallofman.Idonotbelongtoaparticularfaithorsubscribetoaparticularpoliticalparty.IguesswhatIamsayingisthatItrytobeateachertothepeopleIknoworhave conversationswith.Itisuptousaspeopletofosteranunderstandingofhowthishateanddistrusthasbeenbuildingformany,manyyears.Themainstreammediainmycountryhasdeliveredabiginjusticetoallwhodesiretoknowthetruthoftheworldandourforeignpolicies.WeasAmericanshavetheabilitytoputinpowerajustgovernmentthatwilldealwiththerestoftheworldinatrulyfairandhonorablefashion.Iwillcontinuetoteach.ItisourdutyasAmericancitizenstobefullyawareofhowourgovernmentdealswiththerestoftheworld.IhaveweptforthelossofinnocentlivesinNewYork.ButIhavebeenweepingforthelossofinnocentlivesintheMiddleEastforoveradecade.Maypeacebewithyou.ScottBaanrudOneWorldOnePeaceCompletethesummaryofthetextwithonewordineachblank.TheMontgomeryBusBoycottofficiallystartedonDecember1,1955.__1___wastheday___2__theblacksofMontgomery,Alabama,decided__3___theywouldboycottthecitybuses__4___theycouldsit__5___theywanted,insteadofbeingrelegatedtotheback__6___awhiteboarded.Itwasnot,however,theday___7__themovementtodesegregatethebusesstarted.Perhapsthemovementstartedonthedayin1943__8___ablackseamstressnamedRosaParkspaidherbusfare__9___thenwatchedthebusdriveoffasshetriedtore-enterthroughthereardoor,__10___thedriverhadtoldhertodo.Perhapsthemovementstartedonthedayin1949__11___ablackprofessorJoAnnRobinsonabsentmindedlysatatthefrontofa nearlyemptybus,thenranoffintears___12__thebusdriverscreamedatherfordoingso.Perhapsthemovementstartedonthedayintheearly1950s__13___ablackpastornamedVernonJohnstriedtogetotherblackstoleaveabusinprotest__14___hewasforcedtogiveuphisseattoawhiteman,onlytohavethemtellhim,"Yououghttoknowbetter."(key:1.That2.when3.that4.until5.anywhere6.when7.that8.when9.and10.as11.when12.when13.when14.after)Notestothespecialsentences1.I’vealwayshatedhavingtositintheworstseatsonthebus.我一直讨厌坐在公交车最糟糕的座位上。havingtositintheworstseatsonthebus是动名词作宾语。有些动词须用动名词来做宾语,它们是begin,mind,suggest,finish,stop,need,enjoy,miss,keep.比如：Pleasestopsmokinginthehouse.请不要在家里抽烟。Ilikereadingintheforest.我喜欢在树林里读书。Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows?你介意我打开窗户吗？Sheisfoundofcollectingstamp.她喜欢集邮。2.BylawhecouldnotsitwithRosaandbytraditionblackswereexpectedtomove.依法，他不能和罗仕坐在一起，依传统，黑人得起身离去。句中bylaw和bytradition是表示“方法”的介词短语。由by引导的介词短语还有：byaccident，byallmeans方法，bycomparison，byfar，bymeansof，bymistake，bynomeans，byreasonof，bytheway，byvirtueof:由于，bywayof3.They’rehopefulthattheycannegotiateafairersituationifalltheblacks supportthem.他们希望他们可以协商获得一个更好的形势，如果所有黑人都支持他们。句中that引导的是形容词的宾语从句。它例：Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.That引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：Anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。1.Normallywewouldhavebeenonlytoohappy,asitwouldhaveguaranteedusaseatforthewholejourney.正常情况下我们会很高兴的，因为我们有保障了整个旅途有座位了。本句是主从复合句，主句和从句谓语动词都是与过去事实相对应的虚拟语气。2.MaryannJonesbecameaccustomedtotravelingtoworkwithoutthebus.玛丽安钟斯习惯上班不坐公共汽车了。beaccustomedto和beusedto都表示“习惯于”。这个“to”是介词，后接名词或动名词，比如：Iamnotaccustomedtogettingupearly.我不习惯早起。Grandfatherwasaccustomedtotakeawalkafterdinner.爷爷习惯在晚餐后散步。Iamusedtogettingupearlyandgoingtobedearly.Heisusedtobeingpraisedbyothers.3.I’veneverseenherasangryasthat,soIkeptquiet.我从未见过她生气生的如此厉害,因此我保持安静。句中asangryasthat作宾语补语，quiet作半系动词的表语。半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有：表感观的系动词：look,sound,taste,smell,feel（这些词用形容词作表语），seem,appear表变化的系动词：become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词：remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold 可带名词作表语的系动词：be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn（该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如：Heturnedteacher.）（91高考）Theseorangestaste____________.A.goodB.well───C.tobegoodD.tobewell1.Todayisaredletterday!今天是一个好日子!Doyouknowtheoriginandmeaningoftheterm"red-letterday"?Thetermisfrequentlyusedbytelevisionnewsreadersinreferencetoaparticularlyfavorableoccurrence.Red-lettermeanssimply'memorableorimportant,esp.inahappyorfavorableway'.Theexpressioncomesfromthelong-establishedpracticeofusingredinktoindicateholydaysinecclesiasticalcalendars.Ared-letterday--literallyadaywritteninredletters--wasaholyday,orchurchfestival,andthuscametomean'anymemorableorhappyday'.Redlettermeaning'aredletterthatindicatesaholydayonacalendar'datesatleasttothefifteenthcentury;theexpressionred-letterdayisfirstfoundintheearly1700s.2.Wemayonlyhavestruckonesmallblowforlibertybutwhoknowswhereit’lllead?我们只是为自由进行了一次小小的打击，但谁又知道它将把我们引向何方？由strike构成的短语还有：strikeablowagainst/atsomething/someone，strikeablowforsomething/someone，意思是：todosomethingtosupportanideaortochangeasituationtosomethingwhichyoubelieveisgood.例如：Thecourt'sdecisionstrikesablowagainstminorityrights.Heclaimstobestrikingablowforgenderequalitybyemployinganequalnumberofmenandwomen.Thislatestagreementwillstrikeablowforfreetradewithin theEU.相关高考链接英语语法：动词时态、语态本单元全面复习英语动词时态。汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种，而且重点测试完成时态。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do,be,have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。　　1．一般现在时　　主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often,always,fromtimetotime等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。　　Heusuallygoestoworkat7o’clockeverymorning.　　ShehasabrotherwholivesinNewYork.　　Theearthgoesaroundthesun.　　GuangzhouissituatedinthesouthofChina.　　考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：　　IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.　　考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：　　时间：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,theday;条件：if,unless,provided.　　Ifheacceptsthejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.　　考点三：在makesure(certain),seetoit,mind,care,matter＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 　　Solongasheworkshard,Idon’tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.　　只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。　　考点四：在themore…themore…(越……越……)句型中,若主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时。　　Theharderyoustudy,thebetterresultsyouwillget.　　2．现在进行时　　表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。　　WearehavingEnglishclass.　　Thehouseisbeingbuiltthesedays.　　Thelittleboyisalwaysmakingtrouble.　　考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。　　Lookoutwhenyouarecrossingthestreet.　　Don'twakehimupifheisstillsleepingat7tomorrowmorning.　　考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。　　MarryisleavingonFriday.　　3．现在完成时　　表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：　　考点一：for+时间段；since+时间点 　　TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.　　TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.　　IhavelearnedEnglishfortenyears.　　考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately;recently,just,already,yet,uptonow;tillnow;sofar,thesedays,　　Hasitstoppedrainingyet?　　考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。　　inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days；overthepastfewyears;duringthelastthreemonths;forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies;throughouthistory等　　考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“Itisthebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名词＋that”后面跟现在完成时。　　ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.　　ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.　　Thatistheonlybookthathehaswritten.　　4．一般过去时　　表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday;lastweek;in1945,atthattime;once;duringthewar;before;afewdaysago;when,注意：　　考点一：usedto+do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。　　be/become/getusedto+doing，表示习惯于 　　Heusedtosmokealot.　　Hehasgotusedtogettingupearly.　　考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。　　Hepromisedtobuymeacomputerifhegotaraise　　5.过去进行时　　表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。　　Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.　　Hewastakingawalkleisurelybythelakewhenheheardsomeoneshoutedforhelp.　　Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?　　Theradiowasbeingrepairedwhenyoucalledme.　　6.过去完成时　　表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用(before,after,by,uptill)　　Therehadbeen25parksinourcityuptill2000.　　Bytheendoflasttermwehadfinishedthebook.　　Theyfinishedearlierthanwehadexpected.　　考点一：用于hardly/scarcely...when;nosooner...than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。　　Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.　　Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.　　NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanthetelephonerang.（注意主谓倒装）　　考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 　　Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.　　Itwas3yearssincewehadparted。　　考点三：动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。　　IhadhopedthatIcoulddothejob.　　IhadintendedtoseeyoubutIwastoobusy.　　7.一般将来时　　表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow,nextyear,in2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。　　Beijingwillhostthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.　　考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中：　　Wewillbeginourclassassoonastheteachercomes.　　（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。）　　考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。　　IamleavingforBeijingtomorrow.　　考点三：“祈使句+and/or+句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。　　Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.　　考点四：“am(is,are)goingto+动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。　　“am(is,are)aboutto+动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。　　“am(is,are)to+动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。 　　TheyaretobemarriedinthisMay.　　8．将来进行时　　表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。　　I’llbedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow.明天这会我正在写作业。　　ThePresidentwillbemeetingtheforeigndelegationattheairport.　　9．将来完成时　　表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。　　考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：bytheendofthisyear,by8o’clockthisevening,byMarchnextyear以及由bythetime…,before或when等引导的副词从句。　　Bytheendofnextmonth,hewillhavetraveled1000milesonfoot.　　Bythetimeyoureachthestation,thetrainwillhaveleft.　　BynextTuesday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexams.　　考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。　　Thechildrenwilldotheirhomeworkthemomenttheyhavearrivedbackfromschool.　　10.动词的语态　　一般用于强调受者，做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。　　考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组　　cometrue,consistof,takeplace,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,breakout,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeed　　Ittookplacebeforeliberation. 　　考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义,而且常与well,quite,easily,badly等副词连用。　　lock(锁);wash(洗);sell(卖);read(读);wear(穿);blame(责备)；ride(乘坐)；write(写)；　　Glassbreakseasily.玻璃容易破碎。　　Thecarridessmoothly.这车走起来很稳。　　Thecaselockseasily.这箱子很好锁。　　Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销。　　考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：　　Itissaid…,Itisreported…,Itiswidelybelieved…，Itisexpected…,Itisestimated…,　　这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”，“人们认为……”，　　而“以前人们认为……”则应该说：Itwasbelieved…,Itwasthought…高考原题中的时态1.I______younottomovemydictionary---nowIcan’tfindit.<2004全国II（四川、吉林等）>AaskedBaskCwasaskingDhadasked2.---Thankgoodness,you’rehere!What______you?---Trafficjam.<2004全国IV（甘肃、宁夏等）>AkeepsBiskeepingChadkeptDkept3.Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoone______somequickrepairwork.AhasdoneBisdoingCdoesDhaddone4.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt____forLondontoattendameeting.(2005年天津)A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left5.----Ifthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock. ----Whatapity!Tina____heretoseeyou.(2005湖南)A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen6.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People_____toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.(2005湖南)A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning7.---What’swrongwithyourcoat?---JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttome________onit.(05重庆)A.satB.hadsatC.hadbeensittingD.wassitting8.——Whatareyougoing?——Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilm______quiteearly,sowe_______tothebookstoreafterthat.(05重庆)A.finished;aregoingB.finished;goC.finished;aregoingD.finishes;go9Themanagerhasfallenasleepwherehe______,withoutundressing.(2005安徽)A.waslayingB.waslyingC.hadlaidD.hadlied10.He________morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15.(2005北京)A.haslearnedB.wouldhavelearnedC.learnedD.hadlearned11.Scientiststhinkthatthecontinents______alwayswherethey_______today.(2005北京)A.aren’t;areB.aren’t;wereC.weren’t;areD.weren’t;were12.Whentheoldman_____towalkbacktohishouse,thesun_____itselfbehindthemountain.(2005湖北)A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC．hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid13.Hewashopingtogoabroadbuthisparents_____thattheywon’tsupporthimunlesshecanborrowmoneyfromthebank. (2005湖北)A．weredecidingB．havedecidedC．decidedD．willdecide14.They_______ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe________itasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.（2005江苏）A.hadbeenworking;arestillworkingB.hadworked;werestillworkingC.havebeenworking;haveworkedD.haveworked;arestillworking15.Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen,especiallythosefromthecountryside,_________intheclothingindustry.(2005辽宁)A．isworkingB．worksC．workD．worked16.Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn’twantherparentstoknowwhatshe__________.(2005辽宁)A．hasdoneB．haddoneC．wasdoingD．isdoing17.Father_____forLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidn’tseehim.（2005福建）A．hasleftB．leftC．wasleavingD．hadleft18.Thecountrylifehewasusedto_________greatlysince1992.（2005山东）A.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged19.Theflowersweresolovelythatthey__________innotime.（2007全国Ⅰ）A.soldB.hadbeensoldC.weresoldD.wouldsell20.IknowalittlebitaboutItalyasmywifeandI________thereseveralyearsago.（2007全国Ⅰ）A.aregoingB.hadbeenC.wentD.havebeen21.—Isthereanythingwrong,Bob?Youlooksad.—Oh,nothingmuch.Infact,I____ofmyfriendsbackhome.（2007全国Ⅱ）A.havejustthoughtB.wasjustthinkingC.wouldjustthinkD.willjustbethinking 22.Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances______inthepastyears.(2007上海)A.discoveredB.havediscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscovered23.They_____twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.(2007山东)A．hadgotB．gotC．havegotD．get24.—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?—He________,becausehedoesn'tknowmuchaboutcomputers.(2007安徽)A.hasitfixedB.hadfixeditC.haditfixedD.fixedit25.Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement______.(2007江苏)A.hasbeenreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.hasreachedD.hadreached(key:1-5ADDCB;6-10DDCBD;11-15CABAC;16-20CDBCC;21-25BDBCB)