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1、材料专业英语翻译主讲：方建筠课程简介：课堂6学时，课后14学时考试：开卷，当堂完成主要内容及课时安排Introductiontomaterialsscienceandengineering(4学时)Metallicmaterialsandalloys（4学时）Ceramics（2学时）Composites（2学时）Nanostructuredmaterials（2学时）Part1IntroductiontomaterialsscienceandengineeringUnit1PhysicalandchemicalpropertiesofmaterialsUn
2、it2MechanicalpropertiesofmaterialsUnit1PhysicalandchemicalpropertiesofmaterialsPhysicalpropertiesarethosethatcanbeobservedwithoutchangingtheidentityofthesubstance.Thegeneralpropertiesofmattersuchascolor,density,hardness,areexamplesofphysicalproperties.Propertiesthatdescribehowasubs
3、tancechangesintoacompletelydifferentsubstancearecalledchemicalproperties.Flammabilityandcorrosion/oxidationresistanceareexamplesofchemicalproperties.Ingeneral,someofthemoreimportantphysicalandchemicalpropertiesfromanengineeringmaterialstandpointincludephasetransformationtemperature
4、s,density,specificgravity,thermalconductivity,linearcoefficientofthermalexpansion,electricalconductivityandresistivity,magneticpermeability,andcorrosionresistance,andsoon.磁导率PhaseTransformationTemperaturesWhentemperaturerisesandpressureisheldconstant,atypicalsubstancechangesfromsol
5、idtoliquidandthentovapor.Transitionsfromsolidtoliquid,fromliquidtovapor,fromvaportosolidandvisaversaarecalledphasetransformationsortransitions.Sincesomesubstanceshaveseveralcrystalforms,technicallytherecanbesolidtoanothersolidfromphasetransformation.Meltingpoint:thephasetransitiont
6、emperaturewhereasolidchangestoaliquidBoilingpoint:thetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureofaliquidequals1atm(101.3kPa)Somematerials,suchasmanypolymers,donotgosimplyfromasolidtoaliquidwithincreasingtemperature.Instead,atsometemperaturebelowthemeltingpoint,theystarttolosetheircrystalli
7、nestructurebutthemoleculesremainlinkedinchains,whichresultsinasoftandpliablematerial.Thetemperatureatwhichasolid,glassymaterialbeginstosoftenandflowiscalledtheglasstransitiontemperature.DensityMasscanbethinlydsitrbutedasinapillow,ortightlypackedasinablockoflead.质量可以像枕头似地稀疏地分布，也可以像铅
8、那样紧紧地堆积在一起。Thespacethemass
